Псевдонаучная терминология: лингвостилистический и когнитивно-прагматический аспекты (на материале современного английского языка)

 

Mogul, Project - a top-secret 1947 project that used high-altitude balloons to attempt to detect Soviet nuclear tests.

 

Moriches Bay, Long Island - Site where the U.S. allegedly shot down and recovered a UFO in 1989. Also site of the TWA Flight 800 disaster in 1996.

 

Mothership - Some observers have reported large UFOs out of which smaller craft seem to come. Sort of like a UFO "aircraft carrier."

 

Moncla, Lieutenant Felix - Air Force F-89 pilot who, along with his navigator Lieutenant R. R. Wilson, disappeared while chasing a UFO over Lake Superior in 1953.

 

Montauk Project - Purported government time-travel experiment that took place at Montauk Air Station on Long Island. Related to The Philadelphia Experiment.

 

Moore, William L. - Former schoolteacher. Member of NICAP and APRO. Writer, with Charles Berlitz, of The Philadelphia Experiment: Project Invisibility and The Roswell Incident. Was involved in the Paul Bennewtiz affair and is a friend and/or associate of Richard S. Doty, Stanton Friedman, and Jaime Shandera. One of the principal investigators of the original

 

MJ-12 documents. Had a group of contacts within the government and the military whom he gave bird code names and whom he referred to as the Aviary.

 

Moore, William L. - co-author, with Charles Berlitz, of The Philadelphia Experiment and The Roswell Incident.

 

MUFON - The Mutual UFO Network. The largest UFO organization in the world.

 

Mothman - A mysterious winged creature who appeared around Point Pleasant, West Virginia in 1966 - 1967.

 

NICAP - National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomenona. UFO Group that was the most powerful in it's heyday. For much of its existence it was led by Major Donald Keyhoe.

 

Nephilim - Another name for the Annunaki, ancient astronauts posited by Zecheriah Sitchin based on his interpretation of ancient Sumerian texts.

 

"Old Hag" - A form of sleep paralysis in which an individual senses a presence in his bedroom, even on the bed or on top of him. Palmer, Raymond - Editor of Amazing Stories magazine in the 1940's & later of Fate Magazine. Some credit him with originating the extraterrestrial hypothesis for the origin of UFOs.

 

Papoose Lake - Another dry lake near Groom Lake or Area 51. Papoose Lake is where Bob Lazar claims that alien craft are being tested. Also known as S-4

 

Papua, New Guinea - Anglican missionary Father William Booth Gill reported UFOs over Boianai, Papua, New Guinea in 1959.

 

Pascagoula, Mississippi - Site of the abduction of Calvin Parker and Charles Hickson on October 11, 1973.

 

The Philadelphia Experiment - Purported 1943 experiment by the U.S. Navy at the Philadelphia Naval Yards in which the U.S.S. Eldridge was made invisible, with dire consequences for her crew.

 

Phoenix Lights - A huge UFO flap occurred in and around Phoenix, Arizona, on the night of March 13, 1997.

 

Portage County, Ohio - Site where police chased a UFO for forty-odd miles in 1966.

 

Randle, Kevin - Author of many UFO books, including The Truth About the UFO Crash at Roswell with Donald Schmitt.

 

Rare Earth Hypothesis - Hypothesis that, since the combination of factors that contributed to the evolution of intelligence on Earth are rare in the cosmos, then so must intelligence life be rare in the cosmos.

 

Red Bluff, California - Site where California Highway Patrolmen saw a UFO in 1960.

 

Rendlesham Forest - Forest near Woodbridge, Suffolk, England. It was the site of a well-known UFO event on 27 December 1980. Also known as the Bentwaters-Woodbridge UFO event.

 

Regression Hypnosis - The practice of trying to recover lost memories by hypnotizing a subject and taking them back in their minds to the time in question. The problems with it are that the hypnotist can unwittingly plant "memories" in the subject's mind, and hypnotized subjects sometimes invent (confabulate) memories in order to comply with a hypnotist's requests.

 

Robertson Panel - A 1952 CIA-sponsored panel that recommended a policy of debunking UFOs be pursued.

 

Roswell Incident - In July, 1947, a rancher named Mac Brazel found some odd, silvery debris on the ranch at which he worked. He took some of it into the county sheriff's office and the sheriff turned it over to the local Army Air Base. The Air Base sent Major Jesse Marcel, the base intelligence officer, out to investigate, and he collected a lot of debris, which he took back to the base. Mac Brazel was held for several days for questioning, and the Roswell Air Base information officer released a story to the press that said a "flying disc" had been captured. Major Marcel and the debris were flown to Carswell Air Base in Texas, where General Roger Ramey held a press conference at which he announced that the debris was only a weather balloon. Years later, before he died, Jesse Marcel claimed that the debris was not a weather balloon, but that it was something "not of this Earth." Several popular books were written that claimed that an alien craft had been recovered at Roswell and that the incident was covered up by the military. Finally, in 1995, the Air Force issued a statement that the debris was that of a top secret Project Mogul balloon train and radar reflectors. The debate still rages.

 

Sedona - a town in Arizona that has acquired a reputation for being a UFO "hotspot".

 

SETI - Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence. The search for life on other worlds by using radio telescopes to listen for possible radio signals from space.

 

Shandera, Jaime - Producer of TV documentaries. Friend and associate of William L. Moore and Stanton Friedman. He was the individual to whom the roll of film containing the MJ-12 documents was delivered.

 

Shag Harbour - a harbor and town on the east coast of Nova Scotia where, in 1967, an unknown "something" fell from the sky into the harbour.

 

Shaitan Mazar - "Grave of the Devil". Location in Krygyzstan, in the former Soviet Union, where a UFO supposedly crashed. See also Return to Shaitan Mazar

 

Shaver, Richard - Letter writer to Amazing Stories magazine. Claimed in letters to that magazine that events on Earth were being influenced by a race of evil underground dwelling creatures called deros. The letters were expanded and published by editor Raymond Palmer as I Remember Lemuria and later became known as The Shaver Mystery. Shaver was once a mental patient and claimed he heard voices coming from his welding machine

 

Sign, Project - The first official USAF investigation which started in January, 1948. Also known as Project Saucer. Probably the only honest Air Force effort to find out what UFOs were. The project ended in February 1949 when the goals of the Air Force regarding UFO investigations changed.

 

Simonton, Joe - Wisconsin farmer who claimed to have been given pancakes by UFO occupants in 1961.

 

Skeptibunker - A term sometimes used by UFO aficionados to lump both skeptics and debunkers together.

 

Skeptic - Someone who doesn't believe that UFOs are alien spacecraft because there is not enough evidence. Skeptics are generally more open-minded than debunkers.

 

Strieber, Whitley - Fiction writer and abductee. Author of several books about his abduction experiences, beginning with Communion.

 

Sleep Paralysis - A sleep disorder in which an individual awakens to sense a presence in his bedroom, even on the bed or on top of him. The victim is unable to move, hence the name.

 

Snippy - an appaloosa pony whose real name was Lady. She became famous in 1967 as the first "official" animal mutilation case.

 

Socorro, New Mexico - Lonnie Zamora, a sergeant for the Socorro Police Department, witnessed a UFO landing on Friday, April 24,1964 in Socorro. His sighting has never been adequately explained.

 

South Haven Park, Long Island - Site of an alleged UFO crash in 1992.

 

Spitzbegen - Norwegian Island inside the arctic circle where a purported UFO crash occurred.

 

Sturrock Panel - a panel of scientists, headed by Stanford's Peter Sturrock, who studied the available UFO evidence and deemed the study of UFOs to be worthy of formal scientific investigation.

 

Spooklights - Lights which appear in the skies regularly in the same area. Examples are Marfa, Texas, Joplin, Missouri's Hornet Light, and North Carolina's Brown Mountain Light.

 

Sundog - A "false sun" formed by the sun shining through a cloud of ice crystals.

 

Superior image - A type of mirage that causes an image to appear above the horizon.

 

Tectonic Strain Theory - The theory that UFOs are electromagnetic phenomena that are generated by tectonic stresses in the earth's crust.

 

Tehran, Iran - Site of a well-documented UFO sighting on 19 September, 1976.

 

Trindade Island - a Brazilian island where, in 1958, a photographer on borad a Brazilian Navy scientific research ship snapped several photos of a UFO.

 

Tully, Queensland, Australia - The first "crop circle" appeared in Horseshoe Lagoon near here in 1966. Twinkle, Project - A project to study the green fireballs seen in New Mexico in 1948 & 1949. The project was not adequately funded and never produced any results.

 

UFO - UFO stands for Unidentified Flying Object. It doesn't necessarily mean an alien craft, although it is often used that way. It just means some object in the sky that is unknown.

 

UFOlogist - A UFO investigator or researcher.

 

UFOlogy - The study of UFO phenomena.

 

University of Colorado UFO Project - See Condon Report

 

Valentich, Frederick - He and his Cessna 182 disappeared over the Bass Straits between Australia and Tasmania. Just before radio contact was lost, he reported that his plane was being followed by an unidentified aircraft.

 

Vallee, Jacques - Author of several UFO books including Challenge to Science, Passport to Magonia, and Revelations

 

Varginha, Brazil - City in Brazil where, in 1996, aliens were supposedly captured or alien bodies recovered.

 

Villas-Boas, Antonio - Brazilian farmer who claimed to have been taken on board a UFO, where he was seduced by a female alien.

 

Vimanas - Ancient Hindu writings describe flying craft called vimanas.

 

Walk-in - An extraterrestrial soul that has been invited to take over a human body by the body's current inhabitant.

 

Walton, Travis - supposedly abducted by a UFO from Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest in 1975. A movie of the event was called Fire in the Sky

 

Wanderer - An extraterrestrial soul that has chosen to be born into a human body.

 

Washington Nationals - In July, 1952, many pilots and radar operators reported UFOs in the Washington D.C. area. Some were attributed to false radar blips caused by a temperature inversion. However, some of the radar sightings were corroborated by visual sightings. These were never explained.

 

Wurtsmith AFB, Michigan - U.S. Air Force base in Michigan. Site of unusual UFO events in October 1975.

 

 

 

 

Приложение 2. Псевдонаучные термины астрологии

 

Adjusted calculation date: The day on which the planetary positions shown in the ephemeris coincide with the progressed positions of the planets. The ACD stays the same year to year.

 

Affliction: An tension producing aspect in the chart such as a square, semi-square or quincunx.

 

Astrological age. A period of time that is approximately 2150 years. It represents the time necessary for the vernal equinox to retrograde through the 30 degrees of any one of the constellations. Astrologers generally believe that the earth is now moving from the Age of Pisces into the Age of Aquarius.

 

Air signs: The mental signs; Gemini, Libra and Aquarius.

 

Angles: Angles refer to the four points of the horoscope chart which divides the chart into 4 equal parts. These are the Ascendant, The Midheaven, the Descendent and the Immum Coeli. The planets situated close to the angles are particularly influential.

 

Angular houses: Angular houses are similar to the Cardinal signs. These are the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th houses.

 

Apparent motion: this is the motion of any heavenly body as viewed from Earth when measured geocentrically versus their actual movements (heliocentric). Planets appear to rise over the horizon, but in fact are actually moving in the opposite direction around the sun.

 

Applying and separating (aspects): whenever two planets are just about to form an aspect, the faster moving planet is said to be applying. As the two planets move away from the exact aspect they are called; separating.

 

Arc: A distance between two points on a circle.

 

Ascendant: The sign degree rising over the eastern horizon at the time of birth. Each degree stays on the horizon approximately 4 minutes.

 

Ascension: (short and long.) Signs of long ascension take more time to rise than signs of short ascension. Depending on the obliquity of the ecliptic, some zodiac signs rise over the horizon more rapidly than other signs. The signs of long ascension In the Northern Hemisphere, are Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarius. Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarius are signs of short ascension, South of the equator.

 

Aspect: An aspect is an angular interconnection between horoscope factors. The aspects usually considered are those involving planets and house cusps. Aspects are deemed to be either favorable or unfavorable according to the temperament of the planets involved and the number of degrees separating the planets.

 

Asteroid: Asteroids are thought to be remains of smashed planets. An asteroid is a very small " planet" in a band that revolves around the Sun between Mars and Jupiter.

 

Astrologer: A person who studies and practices the art of astrology.

 

Astrology: The art of interpreting the meanings of connections between the movements of heavenly bodies and happenings on Earth. Astrology deals with the discretionary state of mind as well as with hard facts. Some branches of astrology are; Electional, Esoteric, Horary, Medical and Mundane.

 

Benefic: Benefic planets are considered to bestow favorable influences. Jupiter is designated as the greater benefic and Venus the lesser benefic.

 

Birth time: The exact moment of birth, considered to be the moment the baby takes it's very first breath of life.

 

Cadent houses: These are the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th houses of the horoscope.

 

Cardinal signs: Aries, Cancer, Libra and Capricorn. These are signs which are initiating.

 

Celestial equator: The earth's equator projected into space.

 

Chart: A horoscope drawn up for a individual's birth date or for an event date.

 

Combust: A planet is said to be combust when it is in close conjunction with the sun.

 

Constellation: A grouping of stars which form a pattern in the sky. For example: The 12 zodiac constellations which are found on the ecliptical belt share identical names, although they are not found in the same locations as the 12 signs of the zodiac.

 

Culmination: When a planet is positioned on or near the Midheaven in a horoscope chart, it is said to be culminating.

 

Cusps: In astrology the word cusp refers to the lines which divide the houses or signs in a natal horoscope chart.

 

Day houses: The six houses of a horoscope which are above the chart horizon (horizontal line dividing the wheel).

 

Daylight savings time: if daylight savings time is being observed when a natal chart is erected, it is necessary to subtract one hour from his own standard.

 

Debility: A planet in it's detriment.

 

Decanate: A whole sign equals 30 degrees. Each sign includes 3 decanates made up of 10 degrees each.

 

Declination: This is the distance either north or south of the celestial equator. This should not be confused with latitude. Planets with the same declination are also said to be in parallel aspect to each other.

 

Degree meanings: The premise that each of the 360 degrees in the zodiac has its own meaning.

 

Descendant: The point exactly opposite the ascendant.

 

Dignities: Refers to the affinities between signs and planets.

 

Direct: The opposite of retrograde. Designated in the ephemeris by the letter D.

 

Directions: The aspects between progressed planets or transits, and natal planets, cusps or angles. The motion of these aspects are followed so that the astrologer may determine when certain effects will function and in what manner they are likely to manifest.

 

Dispositor: the planet ruling the sign in which another planet appears. Thus if, Jupiter were in Capricorn, it's dispositor would be Saturn.

 

Dragon's head and tail: The Dragon's Head is another name for the North Node. The Dragon's Tail is another name for the South Node. See nodes.

 

Earth signs: The signs of practicality. Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn.

 

Eclipse: (Solar and Lunar) When a solar eclipse occurs, it means that the moon is passing between the Sun and the Earth, thereby, blocking the light of the Sun. When a lunar eclipse occurs, it means that the earth is passing between the Sun and Moon, which casts a shadow on the Moon.

 

Electional astrology: a branch of astrology in which the astrologer ascertains the most favorable date and time within a given time frame for a particular action. The undertaking is then intentionally started at this opportune moment.

 

Elements: In astrology these are Fire, Earth, Air and Water.

 

Elevation: In a chart this would be a planet near the Midheaven and therefore, it is given more emphasis.

 

Ephemeris: A book comprised of astronomical tables describing daily positions by signs and degrees of the Sun, Moon and all of the planets.

 

Equator: The celestial equator means the plane of the terrestrial equator projected out and onto what is known as the celestial sphere. The circle of the earth that is an equal distance from the two poles is called the terrestrial equator.

 

Equinox: Means equal night and marks the beginning of spring and fall. As the sun passes the point of the Equinox, the days and nights become equal in length. The Equinox's are times when the sun moves into the first degree of Aries. This is often referred to as the Vernal Equinox. Then again when the Sun moves into the first degree of Libra. This is often referred to as the Autumnal Equinox.

 

Esoteric: Refers to certain philosophical teachings normally known only to those who have been especially initiated. Information and teachings understood by or meant to be shared with only a select few.

 

Esoteric astrology: Astrology and the occult.

 

Exaltation: A planet in exaltation means that a planet resides in the sign where it is most harmoniously placed.

 

Excitation: This refers to the energies of progressed planets being released by current transits which are the same as the progressed planets in the chart. For example: If progressed Venus is conjunct natal Uranus then the current transits of Venus over Uranus would be given more significance in a chart reading.

 

Fall: Refers to a a planet in the sign which is opposite to it's sign of exaltation.

 

Fire signs: The inspirational signs. Aries, Leo and Sagittarius.

 

Fixed signs: The stabilizing signs. Taurus, Leo, Scorpio and Aquarius.

 

Fixed star: The term fixed is not really relevant today because we now know that the stars do "move" positions slowly. The term" fixed stars" was used by the ancients. A star in the sky that is visible to the naked eye, not including the Sun, Moon and planets.

 

Flat chart: A chart using noon as the event time and starting with zero degrees of each of the signs on the house cusps, beginning with the sign Aries on the 1st house cusp.

 

Geocentric: Earth centered astrology. Astrology is geocentric because humans inhabit Earth and astrologers examine the orientation of people to the universe. Astronomers research the solar system from a heliocentric (sun centered) perspective.