IMO Conventions

Since it is essential that pressure in the container be maintained for fire extinguishing within a set range a heater cuts in if required to increase the pressure of the сarbon dioxide.

Two sets of relief valves are fitted. The valves are set at around 24.5 bar, hp valves at around 27 bar. It is a requirement that the hp valves vent into the compartment in which the container is situated —- this venting would occur in the event of fire in the compartment where the container is situated.

Alarms

These are provided for:

1. Loss of 5% of contents (low level).

2. increase up to 98% of free volume (high level).

3. Leakage past main discharge valve.

4. Opening of section valve.

Balloons fitted over open ends of waste pipes give indication of relief valve leakage. High pressure. Two level Indicators are provided, one remote the other local.

Advantages

Lower initial cost, reduced filling cost and filling is simplified. About a 50% saving in weight compared to a multi-cylinder system.

Disadvantages

Relatively complex system, this reduces reliability. A power supply is required.

Operation

The appropriate section valve is opened (alarm sounds) and the main discharge valve

is opened. The main discharge valve is usually fitted with an actuator for remote control, carbon dioxide is then delivered for a specified period (which depends upon the size of the compartment) and the main valve is closed.

Vocabulary.

sampling pipe –  пробоотборная труба

to warn – предупреждать, извещать

wheelhouse –  рулевая рубка

labeled chimney –  помеченнвй дымоход

to hinge – прикреплять на шарнирах

to protrude – выдаваться, высовывать(ся)

to be whirling – вращаться, кружиться

skylight – дымовой (световой) люк

damper - заслонка

vent – вентилятор (to vent – вентилировать удалять газы)

collapsible – складной, разборной

toggle – реле, шарнирный рычаг

pulley - шкиф

to be greased –  быть смазанным

discharge valve –  выпускной (разгрузочный) клапан

waste pipe –  спускная (выпускная) труба

 

2. Answer the questions.

CO2 flooding system.

1. In what ship’s compartment do the CO₂ flooding systems are used?
2. How does smoke warn bridge personnel of the outbreak?
3. How can the compartment affected by fire be identified?
4. What are the actions of the operator to flood an affected compartment with CO2 gas?
5. What must be done after the fire has been extinguished?

CO2 Total Flooding System for Machinery spaces.

1. What ship’s spaces has CО₂ Total Flooding System to be provided?
2. What should be done to evacuate the personnel and sealed off the compartment?
3. What purposes does a switch have?
4. Tell about its maintenance and testing.
5. What prevents the discharging CO₂ into engine rooms if there is a CO₂ leakage from one or more of the starting bottles?

Bulk Carbon Dioxide System.

1. What is the aim of this system designing?
2. What does it consist of?
3. Why are two refrigeration units used to maintain the low temperature?
4. What are advatages and disadvantages of this system?
5. Describe the operation of Bulk Carbon Dioxide system.

 

3. Find the equivalents of translation.
1. Smoke detection                                      a) звуковой аварийный сигнал
2. Hold spaces                                             b) насыщение
3. Diverting valve                                        c) трюма
4. Simultaneously                                        d) пост противопожарного управления
5. Audible alarm                                          e) определение дыма
6. Diffused light                                           f) главные дизельные механизмы
7. To be blanked off                                     g) одновременно
8. Detector cabinet                                       h) быть заглушенным
9. Diesel propelling machinery                    i) закупоривающий (отклоняющий) клапан
10. Saturation                                                j) рассеянный свет
11. To be sealed off                                        k) рычаг клапана направления углекислотного                                     
12. Fire control station                                       газа
13. The CO₂ direction valve handle               l) закрывать герметически

                                                                  m) корпус детектора

 

4. Find the right endings of each sentence.
1. In CO₂ flooding systems air is drawn through sampling pipes to …

1. … the hold compartments by discharging valves.

2. … the cabinet by suction fans.
3. … engine room by collapsible bridge valves.

2. Suction fans deliver the air into …

1. … the wheelhouse.
2. … the hold compartments.
3. … the navigating bridge.

3. The compartment affected by fire can be identified if …

1. … diffused light illuminates any smoke issuing from a chimney.
2. … the operator operates the appropriate change over valve.
3. … the an outbreak of fire in a compartment is detected.

4. When a smoke detection system is to be used for the hold compartments of a refrigerated cargo vessel…

1. … the valves of the refrigerated holds will be opened in the detector cabinet.
2. … the lines to the refrigerated holds will be blanked-off in the detector cabinet.
3. … the toggles of the refrigerated holds will be blanked-off in the cabinet on the bridge.

5. For tanker engine rooms and pump rooms … is often used even if the machinery used is steam turbine.

1. …carbon dioxide system…
2. …water flooding system…
3. … СО₂ flooding…

6. In a modern vessel the sealing off can be done by … from the fire control station generally using a compressed air or hydraulic system.

1. …exhaust valve…
2. …control handle…
3. … remote control…

7. Bulk Carbon Dioxide System was designed to replace the flooding systems …

1. … for machinery and hold spaces.
2. … for engine rooms.
3. … for wheelhouse.

8. The advantage of this system is …

1. …relatively complex system.
2. …filling is simplified.
3. …a power supply is required.

9. The main discharge valve is usually fitted with … for remote control.

1. …an detector…
2. …an amplifier…
3. … an actuator…

 

5. Restore the sentences.
1. For _____ of smoke, 20 mm diameter sampling pipes are led from the various hold compartments in the vessel to a cabinet on the bridge.
2. To flood an affected compartment with CO₂ gas, the operator would first _____ the appropriate change over valve.
3. An electronic smoke detector in the cabinet sets off _____.
4. After the fire has been extinguished, the compartment must _____ before entry for damage inspection.
5. _____ must give a 40% saturation of the compartment.
6. The CO₂_____ have seals which also act as bursting discs.
7. It is a requirement that _____ vent into the compartment in which the container is situated.

Audible alarms, the detection, the СО₂ total flooding system, be well ventilated, the hp valves, operate, storage bottles.

 

6. Translate into English.

1. Системы  газового пожаротушения предназначены  для обнаружения возгорания на  всей контролируемой площади  помещений, подачи огнетушащего  газа и оповещения о пожаре.

2. Принцип  действия установок газового  пожаротушения основан на снижении  концентрации кислорода за счет  поступления в зону реакции  негорючего газа.

3. Системы  порошкового пожаротушения предназначены  для автоматического обнаружения  пожара, передачи сообщения о  пожаре дежурному персоналу, автоматической  локализации и тушения пожара.

4. Принцип  действия - подача в зону горения  мелкодисперсного порошкового состава. 

5. Спринклерная  система пожаротушения - это система  трубопроводов, постоянно заполненная  огнетушащим составом, снабженная  специальными насадками, спринклерами, легкоплавная насадка которых,  вскрываясь при начальной стадии  возгорания, обеспечивает подачу  огнетушащего состава на очаг  возгорания.

6. Автоматические  установки газового пожаротушения  должны обеспечивать:

своевременное обнаружение пожара автоматической установкой пожарной сигнализации, входящей в состав автоматической установки  газового пожаротушения;

возможность задержки подачи газового огнетушащего вещества в течение времени, необходимого для эвакуации людей из защищаемого  помещения;

создание  огнетушащей концентрации газового огнетушащего вещества в защищаемом объеме или над поверхностью горящего материала за время, необходимое  для тушения пожара.

 

Lesson 8.

 

Homereading.

 

Engine room fires.

 

1. Translate the following word combinations (noun+noun) into Russian.

Engine room, fuel oils, average size ship, pressure pipes, fuel present, engine room ventilation, fire flaps, machinery control room, fire boundaries, machinery area, fire alarm systems, fuel supply, fire dampers,

control box, emergency shut, fire detection systems, work shop, engine control room smoke detectors,

water nozzles, high pressure air bottles.

 

2. Read and translate the text.

       

       The engine room of a seagoing ship is a very fire prone area. It houses about 130 different types of machinery with their associated risks. It also houses numerous tanks of heated fuel oils, lubricating oils, diesel oil, greases, and chemicals, etc. An average size ship consumes about 40 tons of fuel oil in a day; the same amount is pumped from the double bottom tanks, and is heated, filtered, allowed to sediment, purified, clarified, conditioned, reheated, and sent to the main engine for combustion. Heated fuel oils range in temperature as high as 120 to 150 degrees Celsius. It runs in kilometers of piping and often at a pressure as high as 1200 bars (in high pressure pipes during injection for a short length).

       The engine room houses machines like steam boilers used for the production of steam for heating fuel oil, accommodation, and cargoes, where fuel is burnt inside in a furnace in controlled combustion. Incinerator wastes like oily rags, sludge, and other operational wastes are burnt at a temperature of 850 degrees C and above.

       Because of the large quantities of fuel present in engine rooms there is a risk that if a fire breaks out it will very quickly spread over the whole area. Due to the height of the engine room, a thermal lift develops above the fire which promotes its growth unless the engine room ventilation is shut down and the fire flaps are closed. As a result of distant effects, engine room fires can also produce failures of operationally important systems away from the engine room. That can lead to persons being endangered even at some distance from the seat of the fire. Apart from the machinery control room, there are in general no permanent fire boundaries within the machinery area.

Fire detection system.  

         The engine room employs fire detection systems which have a master control panel on the bridge with auxiliary panels in the engine control room and the fire control station. The system consists of different types of fire detectors located at various places as per the risk of the type of fire. There are three phenomena associated with a fire: smoke, flames, and heat. These are employed for the detection purposes. There are three type of detectors used in engine room, which are infrared flame detectors, smoke detectors, and heat detectors. The placement of the fire detectors is as follows:

• In work shop where there is always welding works going on and smoke and naked flame are always present, a heat detector would be placed or none at all as it is a certified hot work area.
• In engine control room smoke detectors are used.
• Near boilers and incinerators where abnormal conditions can produce a naked flame, an infrared flame and an ionization type smoke detector is used.
• Generally smoke detectors are used throughout the engine room. The flame detectors are used near fuel handling units like purifiers, hot filters, refiners, conditioners.

       Upon the detection of a fire, an audible alarm is sounded throughout the ship, with the control panel and alarm systems showing the location of the fire. If two types of fire detectors, i.e. flame and smoke, are simultaneously triggered they would activate the Hyper-Mist system in that zone automatically.

Alarm

       The alarm  bell    usually  sounds  in  the  machinery  space,  if the  fire  occurs there,  and  also  on  the  bridge.  Fires in other spaces will result in alarm bells sounding on  the bridge.  Any fire discovered in its early stages will require  the  finder  to  give  the  alarm  and  or  make  the  decision  to  deal with it himself if he can. Giving the alarm can take many forms such as:  fire fighting and safety shouting 'Fire', banging on bulkheads or any action necessary to attract attention.  It  is  necessary  to  give  an  alarm  in  order  to  concentrate resources and effort quickly onto the fire, even if the fire must be left to burn  for a  short time unchecked.

       The signal for a fire on boards is a long blast on the ship’s whistle along with sounding of the vessel’s general alarm.

Engine Room Fire Fighting Equipment

To fight the fire, primarily the fixed fire fighting installations are used.  The equipment should be of the more modern type of water nozzles which actually supply a fine mist, rather than a flow of water. These systems cover different areas of the engine room and control room, but not the switchboard or the electrical generating component on the power generators. The sprinkler system can be operated automatically by sensors or manually by the engineer. As we all know water is not normally used on oil fires but, because fine mist is injected into the area it not only starves the fire of oxygen, but also dissipates the smoke. 

Engine room Fire Extinguishers.

There are four main types of fire extinguishers all coloured red nowadays, with a different coloured band around the top of the body, denoting which type of extinguisher it is. They are operated by removing the protective pin from the trigger and smartly pulling the trigger. Fire extinguishers are usually stored in a container together in a group of four; one of each type of the containers being positioned at high fire risk locations. The four types are,