IMO Conventions

8. Капитаны  судов могут запросить мед.  Помощь (консультацию) по радио.

 

7. Make up the dialogue.

You are a ship’s doctor. You have two sick people on board your ship which need hospitalization. Make up the dialogue between you and the Medical Officer. Describe him their case history and treatment you prescribed them.

 

Lesson 2.

 

Symptoms and signs.

1. Read and translate the text.

The problems which a patient reports to the doctor are called symptoms, for example, pain or nausea. Signs are what the doctor finds, also known as findings on examining the patient, for example, high blood pressure or a rapid pulse rate. Symptoms are also known as complaints. To report a patient’s symptoms or complaints, doctor says:

• Mr. Farnsworth was admitted complaining of chest pain (c/o).

Patients say the went to (see) the doctor; doctors say the patient presented. The symptom which causes a patient to visit a doctor(or to present) is called the presenting symptom, presenting complaint or presentation.

         presenting symptom

His                                       was chest pain.

         Presenting complaint

 

 

 

2. Match the symptoms, their meanings and the patient’s words.

Symptom	Meaning	Patients say
Tiredness Lethargy Fatigue Lassitude	Loss of energy	I feel tired all the time. I feel completely worn out. Lately I’ve been feeling completely exhausted at the end of the day.
Malaise	General feeling of being unwell	I feel unwell. I don’t feel well. I’ve been feeling off-colour for two days. I haven’t been feeling myself for a week. I’ve been out of sorts all day.
Anorexia	Loss of appetite	My appetite is very poor. I’ve been off my food for days.
Weight gain	Increase in weight	I’ve put on eight kilos the last year. I’ve gained five kilos.
Weight loss	Decrease in weight	I’m not eating any less than usual but I’ve lost a lot of weight recently.
Constipation	Hard, infrequent faeces	My motions are very hard. I’ve been quite constipated lately. I’m not very regular.

 

3. Complete the table with words from previous exercise.

Noun	Adjective
exhaustion
fatigue
lethargy
tiredness

 

4. Make word combinations using words from each box.

Complain, off-, out of, present, put, worn;

With, of, out, on, colour, sorts.

 

5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb “present”.

1. A 67-year-old man _______ with a 9-month history of increasing shortness of breath.

2. The most common _______ is loss of consciousness.

3. Cranial arteritis may _______ as fever without any obvious causes.

4. The patient usually _______ with a severe sore throat.

5. The _______ symptoms in this patient could perhaps be due to renal failure.

6. Other conditions with a similar _______ include acute cholecystitis.

7. Reduced growth is an important _______ complaint of celiac disease.

8. Two months following _______, the patient was able to walk.

 

6. Read and memorize the following forms of pain.

Pain is one of the commonest symptoms.

Similar questions can be used for other forms of pain.

Feature	Typical questions.
Main Site	Where does it hurt? Show me where it hurts.
Radiation	Does it go anywhere else?
Character	Can you describe the pain?
Precipitating factors	Does anything bring them on?
Time of onset	When do they start?
Time of resolution	When do they stop?
Frequency	How often do you get them?
Aggravating factors	Does anything make them worse? Is there anything else that affects them?
Relieving factors	Does anything make them better?
Associated features	Do you feel anything else wrong when it’s there? Have you any other problems related to the pain?
Duration	How long do they last?
Severity	How bad is it?

 

7. Read and memorize the following descriptions of pain

Patient’s description of pain	Explanation
Aching/an ache	A general pain, often in muscles and joints.
Boring	Like a drill.
Burning	With heat.
Colicky	An intermittent pain which varies in intensity, comes and goes in waves.
Crampy/cramp	An involuntary spasmodic muscle contraction.
Crushing	A feeling of pressure.
Dull	A background pain, opposite of sharp.
Gnawing	Biting.
Gripping	A feeling of tightness.
Scalding	Like boiling water.
Sharp	Acute.
Stabling	Like a knife.
Stinging	Sharp, burning, like an insect sting.
Throbbing	With a pulse or beat.

 

Hometask.

 

1. Read and translate the following text.

INTERNATIONAL RADIO MEDICAL CENTRE (C.I.R.M.)

 

VIA DELL'ARCHITETTURA, 41  
00144 ROMA, ITALY

The International Radiomedical Centre was founded in 1935 with the purpose of supplying radio-medical assistance to sailors aboard ship of every nationality navigating on all seas. The Centre has headquarters in Rome and its medical services are completely free. They also include arrangements for the transfer, if necessary of a patient to a ship with a doctor on board or, if the distance allows, to evacuate the patient by naval craft or ensure rapid hospitalisation.

Request for radio-medical assistance reaching C.I.R.M. are handled by doctors on continuous duty at the C.I.R.M. headquarters. These doctors, who-can call on the help of specialist consultants if necessary, prescribe the appropriate treatment and keep in contact with every ship that has asked for assistance. They follow the progress of the patient until his recovery or disembarkation and, often, even when hospitalised.

 

HOW TO CONTACT THE INTERNATIONAL RADIO MEDICAL CENTRE

(C.I.R.M.)

The radio medical assistance provided by C.I.R.M. is guaranteed by doctors on round-clock (24 hours) duty. The commanding officers of ships in navigation with sick or injured persons on board can contact C.I.R.M- in any of the following ways:

 

•   Telex 612068 CIRM 1  •   Telephone +39-6-5923331X2   •   Maritec System  •   Italian coastal radio stations  •   Fax +39-6-5923 333     •   Coastal radio station of U.S. Coast   Guard  I

 

The requests should be labelled MEDRAD or DH MEDICO. Medical service or CTRM is free of charge.

 

INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED INTO A MESSAGE OF REQUEST

OF RADIO MEDICAL ASSISTANCES

• Name of the ship and its radio identification;
• Position of the ship, port of departure and destination, estimated arrival time, 
  route and speed;
• Name of the patient, nationality and age;
• Information about breathing, pulse rate, temperature and the patient's blood pressure;
• Patient's symptoms, location and type of pain as well as all any relevant information concerning the illness;
• In the case of accidents, please describe, as well as the symptoms, where and how the accident took place;
• Patient's case history;
• Medicines available on board;
• Medicinal products already administered

 

Vocabulary.          

headquarters –  штаб

arrangements –  организационная работа

appropriate treatment – соответствующее лечение

recovery – выздоровление

disembarkation –  высадка

 

2. Answer the following questions.

 

1. Where is International Radio Medical Centre situated?
2. How much does it cost to get medical consultation?
3. How does this centre work?
4. Is this assistance required?
5. What information must be included into the message of request?

 

3. Compose the dialogues under the following situation.
1. You are at the hospital. The doctor assumes that you have got appendicitis and you need an urgent operation. Ask him when will you be operated on and when he is expected his leaving the hospital. Make up the dialogue with the answers of doctor.
2. You are the captain. You have an infection sickman on board. You want to arrange the transportation of this sickman to isolation ward. Compose the dialogue between you and the Medical Centre.

 

Lesson 3.

Bleeding.

1. Read and translate the following word combinations.

To seek emergency assistance; life threatening; first aid step; first aid kit; infected blood; open wound; to seek medical care; gentle pressure; light-headedness; abdominal pain.

 

2. Read and translate the following text.

Bleeding refers to the loss of blood. Bleeding can happen inside the body (internally) or outside the body (externally). It may occur:

Inside the body when blood leaks from blood vessels or organs

Outside the body when blood flows through a natural opening (such as the vagina, mouth, or rectum)

Outside the body when blood moves through a break in the skin

Considerations

       Always seek emergency assistance for severe bleeding, and if internal bleeding is suspected. Internal bleeding can rapidly become life threatening, and immediate medical care is needed.

       Serious injuries don't always bleed heavily, and some relatively minor injuries (for example, scalp wounds) can bleed quite a lot. People who take blood-thinning medication or who have a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia may bleed excessively and quickly because their blood does not clot properly. Bleeding in such people requires immediate medical attention.

       Direct pressure will stop most external bleeding, and is the most important first aid step.

       Always wash your hands before (if possible) and after giving first aid to someone who is bleeding, in order to avoid infection.

       Try to use latex gloves when treating someone who is bleeding. Latex gloves should be in every first aid kit. People allergic to latex can use a non-latex, synthetic glove. You can catch viral hepatitis if you touch infected blood, and HIV can be spread if infected blood gets into an open wound -- even a small one.

       Although puncture wounds usually don't bleed very much, they carry a high risk of infection. Seek medical care to prevent tetanus or other infection.

       Abdominal and chest wounds can be very serious because of the possibility of severe internal bleeding. They may not look very serious, but can result in shock. Seek immediate medical care for any abdominal or chest wound. If organs are showing through the wound, do not try to push them back into place. Cover the injury with a moistened cloth or bandage, and apply only very gentle pressure to stop the bleeding.

       Blood loss can cause bruises (blood collected under the skin), which usually result from a blow or a fall. They are dark, discolored areas on the skin. Apply a cool compress to the area as soon as possible to reduce swelling. Wrap the ice in a towel and place the towel over the injury. Do not place ice directly on the skin.

Causes

     Bleeding can be caused by injuries or can occur spontaneously. Spontaneous bleeding is most commonly caused by problems with the joints or the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts.

Symptoms

       Blood coming from an open wound, bruising, shock, which may cause any of the following symptoms: confusion or decreasing alertness, clammy skin, dizziness or light-headedness after an injury, low blood pressure, paleness (pallor), rapid pulse, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, weakness.

Symptoms of internal bleeding may also include:

Abdominal pain and swelling, Chest pain, External bleeding through a natural opening, Blood in the stool (appears black, maroon, or bright red), Blood in the urine (appears red, pink, or tea-colored), Blood in the vomit (looks bright red, or brown like coffee-grounds),vaginal bleeding (heavier than usual or after menopause), Skin color changes that occur several days after an injury (skin may black, blue, purple, yellowish green).

Vocabulary.

Vagina – влагалище

Rectum – прямая кишка

Scalp wound – рана кожи головы

Blood-thinning medication – лекарство для разжижения крови

To clot – свертываться (о крови)

Latex gloves – каучуковые (латексные) перчатки

Viral ['vair(ə)l] – вирусный

Hepatitis [¸hepə`taitis] – гипатит

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) – ВИЧ

Puncture wound – колотая рана

The tetanus [`tet(ə)nəs]- столбняк

Abdominal – брюшной

Chest – грудная клетка

The bruise – синяк, кровоподтек

Clammy skin – липкая кожа

Dizziness [΄dizinəs] – головокружение

Swelling – опухоль

Maroon [mə΄ru:n] – густой, насыщенный красно-коричневый

Urine [́juərin] – моча

 

3. Find the answers to the following questions.

1. What does the term “bleeding” mean? 2. When may it occur inside the body? 3. When may it occur outside the body? 4. When must one seek emergency assistance? 5. Why people taking blood-thinning medication may bleed excessively and quickly? 6. What is the most important first aid step while breeding? 7. Why mustn’t you touch infected blood? 8. Why can abdominal and chest wounds be very serious? 9. What can blood loss cause?

a) Direct pressure. b) If internal bleeding is suspected. c) Not to catch viral hepatitis, HIV. d) The loss of blood. e) Because of the severe internal bleeding. f) When blood leaks from blood vessels and organs. g) Bruises. h) When blood flows through a natural opening. i) Because their blood doesn’t clot properly.

 

4. Complete the sentences finding their finishing.

1. Bleeding can happen inside the body… 2. Bleeding can happen outside the body… 3. Always seek emergency assistance … 4. Direct pressure will stop … 5. Use latex gloves … 6. HIV can be spread if … 7. Abdominal and chest wounds can be very serious because of… 8. If organs are showing through the wound … 9. Bruises (blood collected under the skin), which usually result from… 10. Spontaneous bleeding is most commonly caused by problems with…

a) … the possibility of severe internal bleeding. b) … if internal bleeding is suspected. c) … infected blood gets into an open wound. d) … do not try to push them back into place. e) … when treating someone who is bleeding. f) … the joints or the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts. g) … when blood flows through a natural opening or through a break in the skin. h) … most external bleeding. i) … a blow or a fall. j) … when blood leaks from blood vessels or organs…

 

5. Tell what should be done if:

a) Organs are showing through the wound.

b) Blood loss causes bruises.

 

6. Translate into English.

1. Кровотечение это истечение крови из поврежденных в результате травмы или заболевания кровеносных сосудов.

2. При кровотечении появляются бледность кожи и слизистых оболочек, головокружение, слабость, одышка, жажда; падает артериальное давление, пульс слабый, частый.

3. Меры по остановке  кровотечения зависят от причины и его источника.

4. Для временной остановки  кровотечения на конечности накладывают жгут, давящую повязку, применяют сосудосуживающие средства, лёд, гемостатические губки (на раны).

5. Обязательным компонентом в борьбе с кровотечением является переливание крови, кровезамещающих растворов и препаратов, повышающих свёртываемость крови.

 

7. Read and translate into Russian. Make up the dialogues under these situations.

1. A. B. (26) cut his left forearm. On examination of the lower and middle third of the left forearm inside surface an incised with smooth margins 5 cm long was found. Dark-cherry blood is leaking from the wound. Movements of fingers are not restricted. Appreciation of pain is normal. What should be done?