IMO Conventions

Even though the IMO is concentrating its efforts on the more effective implementation of legislation rather than the adoption of new measure, there will still be a need for legislation to be modified and kept up to date partly because of the ever growing sophistication of shipping. The need for improved implementation will certainly lead to a strengthening of the IMO's technical co-operation activities with the emphasis continuing to be on training. The establishment of the World Maritime University in Swede in 1983, the IMO International Maritime Law Institute in Malta and the IMO International Maritime Academy in Trieste (both in 1988) will assist the process.

In estimating the value of the IMO it is perhaps pertinent mention that the IMO's budget currently amounts to £10 million a year. Simply by preventing one collision a year the organisation would more than pay for itself. The evidence is that the IMO is doing a great deal more than that.

 

Vocabulary.

Implement – осуществлять, реализовывать

Undergo – испытывать, подвергаться

Cease – прекращать(ся)

Coincide – совпадать

Assess – оценивать

Contradictory –противоречить

International Convention on Load Lines – Международная конвенция о грузовой марке

Overlook – пропускать забыть

Make financial savings – экономить финансовые средства

Skimping – скупость

Seaborne trade – морская торговля

Lay down – устанавливать

Increasingly – все более и более

Substandard – нестандартный

Escape detection – избежать задержание

Call upon – призывать

Swiftly – стремительно

Tackling – решение

Spill – разлив

Tar – смола

Harsh – резкий, грубый

Keep up – продолжать

Sophistication –  сложность

Strengthening –  усиление

Pertinent mention - уместно упоминания

 

3. Подберите пары словосочетаний, соответственно содержанию текста.

International                      reasons

Shipping                            level

Enormous                          trade

Developing                        period

Dynamic                            body

International                      implementation

Maritime                            release

Several                               forum

Seaborne                            industry

Contracting                        standards

Permanent                          country

Marine                                changes

Ready-made                       steps

Positive                              pollution

Accidental                          parties

Improved                            safety

 

4. Выберите правильный вариант  ответа, указав соответствующий  буквенный индекс.

1. When has the shipping industry undergone enormous changes?

a) Over the future 30 years.  

b) Over the past 30 years.   

c) At the present period.

 

2. What were the ships when IMO met for the first time?

a) Modern, sophisticated ships.

b) With many difficult weapons.

c) Similar to existed for many years before.

 

3. What types of ships are dominated short sea routes?

a) Roll-on, Roll-off ships.

b) Container ships.

c) Liquefied gas carriers.

 

4.  What was the IMO’s first achievement?

a) To provide a forum to assess the changes in shipping industry.

b) To approve the SOLAS Convention.

c) To provide a forum to discuss the main difficult problems in IMO’s activity.

 

5. What subject is IMO responsible for?

a) For establishment of international organization.

b) For taking decisions against air pollution.

c) For maritime safety and the prevention of pollution from ships.

 

6. When ships are allowed to operate internationally?

a) When the ships are built to IMO standards.

b) When the construction of ships is very complex and sophisticated.

c) When ships have arms on their boards.

 

7. Why is it becoming increasingly difficult for substandard ships to escape detection?

a) Because their equipment is damaged so often.

b) Because they are inspected by port authorities in foreign ports.

c) Because they are inspected by authorities of other contracting parties in foreign ports.

 

8. What was the situation with oil spills from 1980 till 1987?

a) They were decreased

b)  They were increased

c) They stayed at the same situation.

 

9. Where had the number of collisions fallen by 90% due to traffic separation schemes?

a) In West America.

b) In North West Europe.

c) In North East Africa.

 

5. Выберите соответствующий смыслу  предложения предлог и укажите  его соответствующий буквенный  индекс.

 

1. Newly industrialised countries are now ____ the biggest shipbuilders in the world.

a) on        b) with        c) among

 

2. It now totals 403 million tons compared ____ only 118 million tons in 1959.

a) with     b) by          c) between

 

3. The most important conventions have been ratified ____ the vast majority of maritime countries.

a) in         b) by         c) on

 

4. There are several reasons ____ the wide acceptance of IMO measures.

a) under          b) of          c) for

 

5. It is impossible to make financial savings ____ skimping on safety.

a) with          b) by         c) after

 

6. The maritime nations were becoming concerned about marine pollution, especially oil pollution the growing ____ tanker trade.

a) from         b) of         c) on

 

7. The IMO is concentrating its efforts on the more effective implementation of legislation rather ____ the adoption of new measures.

a)  between       b) with         c) than

 

 

8. The need for improved implementation will certainly lead ____ a strengthening of the IMO's technical co-operation activities.

a) to            b) at          c) for

 

9. ____ preventing one collision a year the organisation would more than pay for itself.

a)  after        b)  on        c) by

 

6. Восстановите предложения, указав  буквенный индекс их второй  части.

1. The IMO has successfully established and implemented international safety and pollution standards… 2. … are registered in developing countries. 3. The IMO is responsible for the improvement of … 4. …were sometimes even contradictory. 5.  IMO measures are wide accepted because … 6. …the standards laid down in MARPOL 73/78. 7. Since 1959 the IMO has developed a range of conventions, codes and other measures… 8. … the number of oil spills since 1980 has been reduced by more than 70 per cent. 9. There will still be a need for legislation to be modified and kept up to date partly because of the ever growing sophistication of shipping. 10. … the organisation would more than pay for itself. The

a) …они обязательны в таком большом количестве стран, что соответствовать им в коммерческой практике стало необходимым для судов. b) В 1950-х годах стандарты и требования значительно различались и… c)…которые несомненно помогли уменьшить загрязнение с судов. d) Предотвращая одно столкновение в году… e) Сегодня самые большие в мире флотилии… f)…из-за все возрастающей сложности современного судоходства. g)…во время самого длительного периода изменений в судовой промышленности. h) Данные, полученные от Международной Федерации Владельцы Танкеров против загрязнения указывают на то, что… j)…морской безопасности и предотвращения загрязнения с судов. k) В 1970-х годах танкеры строились в соответствии с…

 

7. Задайте вопросы к подчеркнутым  словам и выражениям.

1. Shipping is perhaps the most international of all industries.

2. In some traditional maritime nations shipbuilding has ceased altogether.

3. The most important conventions have been ratified by the vast majority of maritime countries.

4. The IMO’s ability to act swiftly in the event of an emergency has been proved on several occasions.

5. Because of the changes that have taken place in shipping over the past three decades, it is difficult to compare the safety position today with that in the 1950s.

 

8. Переведите предложения на  английский язык.

 1.   В 50-х годах  20 столетия суда были похожи на те, что существовали много лет тому назад.

2. Судоходство  прекратило функционировать в  некоторых традиционно морских  странах.

3. Задачами  Международной Морской организации  являются улучшение морской безопасности  и предотвращение загрязнения  с судов.

4. ММО решает  проблемы на международном уровне.

5. Постановления  ММО выполняются повсеместно,  даже если некоторые из них  являются добровольными к исполнению.

6. Невозможно  совершить финансовые экономии, скупясь на безопасности судов,  занятых в международной морской  торговле.

7. Во многих  случаях было доказано, что ММО  быстро реагирует на любое  происшествие в море.

8. Загрязнение  с судов значительно уменьшилось  благодаря деятельности ММО.

 

Unit 2.

 

ISM (International Safety Management) Code.

 

Lesson 1.

 

1. Match the English words and word combinations with their Russian equivalents.
1. Human errors                                                         a) цель
2. management faults                                                 b) рекомендации, инструкции
3. guidelines                                                               с) брать на себя  ответственность за
4. to avoid damage to the environment                      d) высший уровень руководства
5. the purpose                                                             e) ошибки управленческого аппарата                                                                                           
6. the objective                                                           f) обеспечить безопасность
7. to ensure safety                                                      g) человеческие ошибки
8. property                                                                  h) имущество, собственность
9. to assume responsibility for                                   i) цель, намерение                                                                   
10. the highest level of management                           g) избегать нанесения урона                                                      

                                                                                               окружающей среде

 

2. Read and translate the text.

Development of the ISM Code.

     A number of very serious accidents, which occurred during the late 1980's, were manifestly caused by human errors, with management faults also identified as contributing factors.

Lord Justice Sheen in his inquiry into the loss of the Herald of Free Enterprise famously described the management failures as "the disease of sloppiness".

     At its 16th Assembly in October 1989, IMO adopted resolution A.647(16), Guidelines on Management for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention.

     The purpose of these Guidelines was to provide those responsible for the operation of ships with a framework for the proper development, implementation and assessment of safety and pollution prevention management in accordance with good practice.

     The objective was to ensure safety, to prevent human injury or loss of life, and to avoid damage to the environment, in particular, the marine environment, and to property. The Guidelines were based on general principles and objectives so as to promote evolution of sound management and operating practices within the industry as a whole.

     The Guidelines recognised the importance of the existing international instruments as the most important means of preventing maritime casualties and pollution of the sea and included sections on management and the importance of a safety and environmental policy.

     After some experience in the use of the Guidelines, in 1993 IMO adopted the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (the ISM Code).

In 1998, the ISM Code became mandatory.

     The Code establishes safety-management objectives and requires a safety management system (SMS) to be established by "the Company", which is defined as the shipowner or any person, such as the manager or bareboat charterer, who has assumed responsibility for operating the ship.

     The Company is then required to establish and implement a policy for achieving these objectives. This includes providing the necessary resources and shore-based support.

     Every company is expected "to designate a person or persons ashore having direct access to the highest level of management".

     The procedures required by the Code should be documented and compiled in a Safety Management Manual, a copy of which should be kept on board.

 

Amendments to the ISM Code

The ISM Code was amended in December 2000 by resolution MSC.104(73), and these amendments entered into force on 1 July 2002. It was further amended in December 2004 by resolution MSC.179(79), and these amendments entered into force on 1 July 2006. It was further amended in May 2005 by resolution MSC.195(80), and these amendments entered into force on 1 January 2009.  The ISM Code was also amended in December 2008 by resolution MSC.273(85). This resolution was adopted on 1 January 2010, and the amendments entered into force on 1 July 2010. 

 

Vocabulary.

Contributing factors – сопутствующие факторы

Sloppiness –  небрежность

Lord Justice –  Лорд-Судья

Framework – структура

Bareboat charter – бэрбоут чартер (чартер на судно без экипажа)

 

3. Translate into English.

1. быть вызванным
2. человеческая ошибка
3. ошибка управления
4. расследование
5. безопасное управление судном
6. управление безопасностью судна
7. предотвращение загрязнения
8. выполнение, осуществление
9. оценка
10. обеспечить (гарантировать) безопасность
11. обязательный
12. цели управления безопасностью
13. взять на себя ответственность, обязательство
14. собирать (информацию)