IMO Conventions

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Настоящие методические указания предназначаются для студентов 5 курса специальности 7.092201 «Электрические системы и комплексы транспортных средств»

дневной и  заочной формы обучения. Пособие  предназначено способствовать самостоятельной  работе с профессионально-ориентированной  литературой на английском языке. Пособие  составлено в соответствии с требованиями программы пятого года обучения. Пособие состоит из 5 юнитов:

Первый – IMO Conventions.                                                              

Второй – ISM (International Safety Management) Code.

Третий – The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code)

Четвертый – Medical care on board.

Пятый – Fire fighting on board.

Каждый юнит включает в себя предтекстовые упражнения, целью которых является снизить  сложность понимания последующего теста, текст, послетекстовые лексические  упражнения и грамматические упражнения, составленные в соответствии с программными грамматическими требованиями.

В приложении пособия указывается лексический  минимум, который необходимо выучить  в соответствии учебной программой.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Содержание.

 

Unit 1. IMO Conventions.

Lesson 1. Introduction in IMO.---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Lesson 2. SOLAS Convention.---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Lesson 3. MARPOL Convention.------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

Homereading. The value of the IMO.--------------------------------------------------------------- 16

 

Unit 2. International Safety Management Code.

Lesson 1. Development of the ISM Code.---------------------------------------------------------- 21

Lesson 2. Part A. Extracts.---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25

Lesson 3. Part A. Extracts.---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30

Lesson 4. Part B. Extracts.---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

Lesson 5. Safe operation of ship.-------------------------------------------------------------------- 39

 

Unit 3.International Ship and Port Facility Security Code.

Lesson 1. What is ISPS Code?------------------------------------------------------------------------ 43

Lesson 2. Ship security requirements.---------------------------------------------------------------- 47

Lesson 3. ISPS Management System.---------------------------------------------------------------- 50

Lesson 4. Piracy attacks fall but hostage taking soars.--------------------------------------------- 55

Homereading. High sea piracy.------------------------------------------------------------------------ 58

 

Unit 4. Medical care on board.

Lesson 1. Health and illness.---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65

Lesson 2. Symptoms and signs.------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72

Lesson 3. Blood.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 77

Lesson 4. Heart.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82

Lesson 5. Respiration.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86

Lesson 6. Digestion.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90

Lesson 7. Structure of teeth.------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 94

 

Unit 5. Fire fighting on board.

Lesson 1. Fire on board.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98

Lesson 2. Fire triangle. Fire classes.-------------------------------------------------------------------- 106

Lesson 3. Class “C”  fire.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 113

Lesson 4. Fire prevention.------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 118

Lesson 5. Fire detection methods.---------------------------------------------------------------------- 122

Lesson 6. Fire fighting on board.----------------------------------------------------------------------- 119

Lesson 7. CO2 Flooding system.----------------------------------------------------------------------- 137

Homereading. Engine room fires.---------------------------------------------------------------------- 142

 

Приложение.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 148

Литература.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 172

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unit 1.

 

Lesson 1.

 

1. Translate the following words and word combinations.

global trade, huge quantities, jurisdiction, to regulate shipping, can be adopted and accepted, the most important treaty, comprehensive regulatory framework, technical co-operation, maritime security, existing legislation, non-governmental organizations, machinery for cooperation,  marine pollution, international maritime traffic.

 

2. Match the Russian and English equivalents.

To spawn                            касаться, относиться к

To update                            вовлекать

To serve                              уполномочивать

To adopt                              влиять

To attend                             порождать

To relate to                          обслуживать

To affect                              поддерживать

To engage                            иметь дело с

To encourage                       обновлять

To empower                         проводить

To deal with                         принимать

 

3. Match the words of both columns.

Global                                   convention

Management                         body

Economic                              traffic

Maritime                               life

International                         matter

Environmental                      organisation

Legal                                    safety

Intergovernmental                chain

Subsidiary                            safety         

Governing                            trade

Marine                                  body

 

4. Read and translate the text.

Introduction in IMO.

 

       Shipping is perhaps the most international of the world's industries, serving more than 90 per cent of global trade by carrying huge quantities of cargo effectively, cleanly and safely. 
       The ownership and management chain surrounding any ship can embrace many countries and ships spend their economic life moving between different jurisdictions, often far from the country of registry. There is, therefore, a need for international standards to regulate shipping - which can be adopted and accepted by all. The first maritime treaties date back to the 19th century. Later, the Titanic disaster of 1912 spawned the first international safety of life at sea - SOLAS - convention, still the most important treaty addressing maritime safety. 
       The Convention establishing the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was adopted in Geneva in 1948 and IMO first met in 1959. IMO's main task has been to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping and its problems to solve today include safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-operation, maritime security and the efficiency of shipping.  
       A specialized agency of the United Nations with 169 Member States and three Associate Members, IMO is based in the United Kingdom with around 300 international staff. 
       IMO's specialized committees and sub-committees are the focus for the technical work to update existing legislation or develop and adopt new regulations, with meetings attended by maritime experts from Member Governments, together with those from interested intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations.

       The purposes of the Organization, as summarized by Article 1(a) of the Convention, are "to provide machinery for cooperation among Governments in the field of governmental regulation and practices relating to technical matters of all kinds affecting shipping engaged in international trade; to encourage and facilitate the general adoption of the highest practicable standards in matters concerning maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and prevention and control of marine pollution from ships". The Organization is also empowered to deal with administrative and legal matters related to these purposes.

       The International Maritime Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations which is responsible for measures to improve the safety and security of international shipping and to prevent marine pollution from ships. It is also involved in legal matters, including liability and compensation issues and the facilitation of international maritime traffic. IMO's governing body is the Assembly which is made up of all 169 Member States and meets normally once every two years. It adopts the budget for the next biennium together with technical resolutions and recommendations prepared by subsidiary bodies during the previous two years. The Council acts as governing body in between Assembly sessions. It prepares the budget and work programme for the Assembly. The main technical work is carried out by the Maritime Safety, Marine Environment Protection, Legal, Technical Co-operation and Facilitation Committees and a number of sub-committees. 

The IMO slogan sums up its objectives: Safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean oceans.

Vocabulary.

Management chain – сеть управления

To embrace – охватить

Jurisdiction – юрисдикция

Treaty – соглашение, договор

Comprehensive – всесторонний, полный

Regulatory – управляющий, регулирующий

Framework – структура

Remit – смягчать

Concerns – проблемы, дела

Legal  matter – правовой вопрос

Non-governmental organization – вне - правительственная организация

Liability – ответственность, обязанность

Biennium – двухлетний период

Subsidiary – вспомогательный

The Council – совет (орган)

 

5. Answer the questions.
1. Why is shipping one of the most international of the world’s industries?
2. Why is there a need for international standards to regulate shipping?
3. When were the first marine treaties adopted?
4. What event spawned the first international convention?
5. What was this convention?
6. What matter does it address?
7. When did IMO first meet?
8. What was IMO’s main task?
9. What problems does IMO solve today?
10. How many Member States does IMO include?
11. What work do IMO’s committees and sub-committees carry out?
12. What are the purposes of IMO?
13. What is IMO’s governing body?
14. What problems does it solve?
15. What is the duty of the Council?

 

6. Match questions with answers.

1. What does IMO do?

2. Who is the Secretary-General of IMO?

3. Why do we need an international organization to look after shipping?

4. How does IMO implement legislation?

5. What about classification society?

6. What about pollution?

7. What about climate change?

8. How much does IMO cost?

9. Shouldn’t IMO have some sort of police function?

10. What about maritime security?

 

A It doesn't. IMO was established to adopt legislation. Governments are responsible for implementing it. When a Government accepts an IMO Convention it agrees to make it part of its own national law and to enforce it just like any other law. The problem is that some countries lack the expertise, experience and resources necessary to do this properly. Others perhaps put enforcement fairly low down their list of priorities. 
The result is that serious casualty rates - probably the best way of seeing how effective Governments are at implementing legislation - can potentially vary from flag to flag.

 

B In 1954 a treaty was adopted dealing with oil pollution from ships. IMO took over responsibility for this treaty in 1959, but it was not until 1967, when the tanker Torrey Canyon ran aground off the coast of the United Kingdom and spilled more than 120,000 tons of oil into the sea, that the shipping world realized just how serious the pollution threat was. Until then many people had believed that the seas were big enough to cope with any pollution caused by human activity. Since then IMO has adopted a whole series of conventions covering prevention of marine pollution by ships, preparedness and response to incidents involving oil and hazardous and noxious substances, prevention of use of harmful anti-fouling systems and the international convention on ballast water management to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water.  
The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) deals with all issues relating to marine environment protection as it relates to shipping.

 

C  Mr. Efthimios E. Mitropoulos (Greece).

 

D  IMO is heavily engaged in the fight to protect and preserve our environment - both marine and atmospheric - and is energetically pursuing the limitation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from shipping operations. The Marine Environment Protection Committee has developed energy efficiency measures, both for existing and new ships, to enable a comprehensive package of technical and operational measures to be agreed.

 

E When IMO first began operations its chief concern was to develop international treaties and other legislation concerning safety and marine pollution prevention. 
By the late 1970s, however, this work had been largely completed, though a number of important instruments were adopted in more recent years. IMO is now concentrating on keeping legislation up to date and ensuring that it is ratified by as many countries as possible.

Currently the emphasis is on trying to ensure that these conventions and other treaties are properly implemented by the countries that have accepted them.

 

F  It is sometimes said that IMO should have some sort of authority to enforce its regulations. This seems to imply the creation of a team of inspectors and a fleet of patrol boats crewed by officials with the right to board any ships they suspected of contravening IMO regulations. In practice, the creation of such a force would be financially enormous - it would mean recruiting hundreds, probably thousands of people - and politically impossible: most Governments would never agree to allow ships flying their flag to be boarded in international waters and any attempt to introduce a system of penalties and punishments would be even more unacceptable.

 

G  All ships must be surveyed in ordered to be issued certificates which establish their seaworthiness, type of ship, and so on and this is the responsibility of the flag State of the vessel. However, the flag State ("Administration") may "entrust the inspections and surveys either to surveyors nominated for the the purpose or to organizations recognized by it" (SOLAS Chapter 1, regulation 6).  
In practice these "recognized organizations" are often the classification societies.  
The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) is a Non-Governmental Organization which was granted Consultative Status with IMO in 1969.

 

H IMO is a bargain. It is one of the smallest agencies in the United Nations system, both in terms of staff numbers (just 300 permanent staff) and budget. The total budget for the 2010-2011 biennium is £61,151,200. 
This is less than half what it would cost to buy a medium sized oil tanker and represents only a fraction of the cost of the damage caused by an oil spill, for example (the Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska in 1989 has so far cost more than US$5 billion). If IMO is responsible for preventing just one oil tanker accident a year then it more than covers its cost.  
The IMO budget is unique for another reason. Costs are shared between the 169 Member States primarily in proportion to the size of each one's fleet of merchant ships. The biggest fleets in the world are currently operated by Panama and Liberia and so they pay the biggest share of IMO's budget.