IMO Conventions

3. Make up dialogues about fire extinguishing mediums. Use information from the  following table and apply the following conversational phrases.

 

• Согласие с мнением собеседника выражается такими репликами:  
   

О да!		Oh yes!
Вы правы.		You're right. Right you are!    That's right.
Я вполне согласен с вами.		I quite agree with you.
Я полностью согласен с вами.		I fully agree with you.    I certainly agree with you.
Это как раз то, что я хотел  сказать.		That's just what I was going to say.
Вне всякого сомнения.		No doubt whatever. Beyond all doubt.
Звучит правдоподобно.		I can well believe it.
Я так и думал.		I thought as much.
Очень разумно.		Very sensible.
Конечно.		Sure. Certainly.
Точно.		Exactly./Precisely (so). That's it.
Вот именно.		You said it.
Договорились.		OK. Agreed. Settled.
Не продолжайте. Все ясно.		Say no more.
Я так и предполагал.		I guessed as much.
Боюсь, что это именно так.		I'm afraid so.    I'm afraid it's just as you say.
Надеюсь, что это так (что это  так и будет).		I hope so.
Похоже, что это именно так.		Looks like that. I suppose so.
Похоже, что это так и будет (так  и случится).		I should say so.
Вполне вероятно (возможно).		Very likely.
Тем лучше!		So much the better!

 

 

• Несогласие с мнением собеседника может быть выражено следующим образом:  
   

Нет и нет.		Oh no!
Не могу с вами согласиться.		I can't agree with you.
Вы ошибаетесь.		You're mustaken.
Вот в этом вы как раз и неправы.		That's where you're wrong, I'm afraid.
Боюсь, что вы упустили главное из того, что я хотел сказать.		I'm afraid you've missed the point. Sorry, but you seem to have missed the point.
Я иного мнения.		I don't (happen to) think so
Это не совсем то, что я имел в виду.		That's not quite what I had in mind.
Конечно,нет.		Of course not. Certainly not.
Совсем нет.		Not at all. Not in the least I couldn't agree with you less.
Об этом не может быть и речи.		It's out of the question.
Все как раз наоборот.		It's just the other way round.
Я против.		I'm against it.
Мне это неизвестно.		You're the first to tell me about it.    Not that I know anything about it.
Не мне судить.		It's not for me to say.
Ну вот вы опять за свое!		There you go again!
Боже упаси!		Heaven forbid!
Вы несправедливы.		You're unfair.
Ничего подобного.		Nothing of the kind!
Не годится		That won't do.
Этого не может быть!		That can't be true.

 

 

• Сомнение относительно высказанного собеседником может быть выражено следующим образом:  
   

Да?		Oh no! No!
Неужели?		Really? Is that really so?
Это правда?		Is it true?
Вы действительно полагаете, что...		Do you really mean that...
Сомневаюсь, чтобы...		I doubt that (if) ...
Маловероятно, чтобы...		(It's) hardly likely/most unlikely that...
Очень в этом сомневаюсь.		You can't expect me to believe that.    That's not very likely.
Вы это всерьез?		Do you really mean it? Are you serious?
Звучит заманчиво, но...		Sounds promising, but...
Звучит невероятно, но...		Sounds incredible/ highly improbable, but...
Всякое случается.		Things do happen.
Вы шутите.		You're joking! You must be joking!
Не могу решиться.		Can't make up my mind. I'm in two minds.
Сомневаюсь. Вряд ли.		I (rather) doubt it. I don't expect so.
И вы хотите, чтобы я этому поверил?		You can't expect me to believe that.    I find it hard to believe.    What do you take me for?
Я бы не сказал.		I shouldn't say so.
Вам видней.		You seem to know better.
В какой-то мере.		Up to a point. To some extent.
Я не уверен.		I couldn't say (for sure).
(Мне) трудно сказать.		You can never tell.     You never know.
Ну и ну...		Well, well... What do you know?
И да, и нет.		(It's) yes and no.
Вы уверены?		Are you sure?
Это все действительно так?		Is that so?
Как бы мне хотелось...		I wish I could believe you.

 

 

• При изложении или отстаивании своей точки зрения или позиции можно использовать следующие реплики:  
   

Послушайте, что я вам скажу...		Look, I'll tell you what...
Значит, так...		It's like this. You see...
Начну с того, что...		I'll start by saying that...
На мой взгляд...		As I see it...
По моему мнению...		In my opinion...
Насколько я понимаю...		As far as I can see...
С одной стороны... с другой...		On the one hand... on the other...    For one thing... for another...
Общеизвестно, что...		It's common knowledge that...
Учитывая все обстоятельства...		All things considered...
При прочих равных условиях...		All other things being equal...
Следует признать, что...		It must be admitted that...
Мне хотелось бы внести ясность...		I should (I'd) like to make it clear that...
Вы во многом правы, но...		There's much truth in what you're saying, yet...
Однако следует помнить о том, что...		It is as well to remember that...
Нельзя отрицать того, что...		There's no denying that...
Возможно, что то, что я скажу, покажется  вам несколько не по теме, но...		What I'm going to say may seem not so relevant, yet...
Я понимаю вас, но...		I see your point, but...
В заключение мне хотелось бы сказать...		In conclusion I'd like to say that...
Таково мое мнение.		This is the way I look at it.    This is the way I see it.
Вы можете не соглашаться со мной, но...		You are free to disagree with me    but...

 

 

Fire Extinguishing Agents
Agent	Advantages	Disadvantages
Water	Always Available Excellent cooling properties Provides protection for fire party Best choice for Class A	Not to be used on Electrical Fires Can reduce stability Can spread Class B fires Damages/destroys equipment
Foam	Forms air-tight blanket over burning liquids Minimal chance of re-flash Can be used from distance-around corners, from upper decks	Not to be used on Electrical Fires Damages/destroys equipment
Dry-Chemical	Knocks down flames Fast and effective 15' range Rated for Class B and C fires	Minimal Protection against re-flash Highly corrosive to electronic equip. Agent can cake and solidify in container
Carbon Dioxide	Safe for Class C Non-corrosive, non damaging to equip. Minimal chance of re-flash in sealed space Effective on small Class A & B fires in open spaces	Displaces oxygen - can kill firefighters No re-flash protection in open spaces
Halon	Safe for Class C Non-corrosive, non damaging to equip. Minimal chance of re-flash in sealed space Effective on small Class A & B fires in open spaces	No re-flash protection in open spaces In very hot fires, can generate deadly phosgene gas No longer available after 2000 AD

 

 

Home task.

1. Read and translate the text.

 

Location and extinguishing of fire classes.

Location.

Locations of Class “A” Materials Onboard

       Although vessels are constructed of metal and may appear incombustible, there are many flammable products aboard.  Practically every type of material (Class “A” and otherwise) may be carried as cargo.  It may be located in the cargo holds or on deck, stowed in containers or in bulk stowage.  In addition, Class “A” materials are used for many purposes throughout the vessel.

In accordance with SOLAS (2000 Amendments) Reg. II-2/5.3.2, a certain amount of combustible materials may be used in the construction of  facings, moldings, decorations and veneers in accommodation and service spaces.  In addition, the furnishings found in passenger, crew and officer accommodations are usually made of Class “A” materials.  Lounges and recreation rooms may contain couches, chairs, tables, bars, television sets, books and other items that may be constructed of Class “A”  materials.

Other areas in which Class “A” materials may be located include the following:

•  Bridge contains wooden desks, charts, almanacs and other such combustibles.

•  Wood in many forms may be found in the carpenter shop.

•  Various types of cordage are stowed in the boatswain’s locker.

•  Emergency locker on the bridge wing contains rockets and/or explosives for the line-throwing

gun.

•  Undersides of metal cargo containers are usually constructed of wood or wood-based materials.

•  Lumber for dunnage, staging and other uses may be stored below decks.

•  Large numbers of filled laundry bags are sometimes left in passageways, awaiting movement to and from the laundry room.

 

Locations of Class “B” Materials Onboard

Many of the liquefied flammable gases, such as LPG and LNG, are transported in bulk on gas carriers, and fire protection requirements for such vessels are found in SVR Section 5-8-11.  Additionally, acetylene is typically found stored in cylinders for use on board.

 

Locations of Class “D” Materials Onboard

The metal principally used in the construction of vessels is steel.  However, aluminum, its alloys and other lighter metals are used to build the superstructures of some vessels.  The advantage of aluminum lies in the reduction of weight.  A disadvantage, from the fire-fighting viewpoint, is the comparatively low melting point of aluminum as compared to that of steel.

In addition to the material used for the vessel itself, metals are carried in most forms as cargo. 

Generally, there are no stowage restrictions regarding metals in solid form.  On the other hand, the metallic powders of titanium, aluminum and magnesium must be kept in dry, segregated areas.  The same rules apply to the metals potassium and sodium.

It should be noted here that the large containers used for shipping cargo are usually made of aluminum.  The metal shells of these containers have melted and split under fire conditions, exposing their contents to the fire.

 

Extinguishment.

 

Extinguishment of Class “A” Fires

It is a fortunate coincidence that the materials most often involved in fire, Class “A” materials, may best be extinguished by the most available extinguishing agent, water, provided by the required fire main system.  In addition, other types of extinguishing mediums, such as foam and certain types of dry chemicals are also effective on Class “A” combustibles.  

 

Extinguishment of Class “B” Fires

Flammable gas fires can be extinguished with dry chemicals that interrupt the chain reaction of the combustion (oxidation) process.  The installation of a fixed dry chemical system is required on gas carriers in accordance with SVR 5-8-11/4.  In addition, water spray systems are required to provide heat shields for certain portions of the structure from the radiant heat of gas fires in accordance with SVR 5-8-11/3.  

The procedure for fighting a flammable gas fire tends to be allowing the gas to burn until the flow can be shut off at the source.  Extinguishment is normally not attempted unless such extinguishment leads to shutting off the fuel flow, since the release of un-ignited gas can result in a more dangerous explosion.  Until the flow of gas supplying the fire has been stopped, fire-fighting efforts are normally directed toward protecting areas that may contain materials that may be ignited by flames or radiated heat from the fire.  Water, in the form of straight streams and fog patterns, is usually used to protect such exposures.  When the gas is no longer escaping from its container, the gas flames should go out.  However, if the fire is extinguished before shutting off the gas flow, firefighters must be careful to prevent the ignition of gas that is being released.

 

Extinguishment of Class “D” Fires

Metals that form a fire risk are usually carried as cargoes and fall under the category of dangerous goods.  Frequently there is a violent reaction with water, which may result in the spreading of the fire and/or explosion.  No one method of extinguishment has proven effective for all fires involving metals.  Sand, graphite, various other powder extinguishing agents and salts of different types have been applied to metallic fires with varying success.

Recognizing the unique fire risks that individual dangerous goods present, the International Maritime Organization has established emergency procedures for such products.  These emergency procedures typically identify the particular type of extinguishing agent to be used in the case of a fire involving these products and are found in appendices to the  IMDG Code (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code), as well as the IMO Bulk Cargo Code (Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes). 

In reviewing the fire fighting arrangements for a vessel intended to carry particular cargoes considered to be a Class “D” fire hazards, the above emergency procedures should be consulted.

Vocabulary.

Facing – облицовка, наружное покрытие

Molding – карниз

Veneer – наружный слой, защитное покрытие

Lounge – гостиная, комната для отдыха

Couch – спальное место

Carpenter shop – столярная мастерская

Cordage – такелаж, веревки, снасти

Locker – рундук, запирающийся ящик

Lumber – хлам, ненужные громоздкие вещи

Laundry bag – мешок для грязного белья

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) – сжиженный нефтяной газ

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) – сжиженный природный газ

Melting point – точка плавления

Segregated – отделенный, изолированный

Fortunate coincidence – счастливая случайность

Water spray system – водораспылительная система

Heat shield – теплозащита, тепловой экран

Violent – резкий

 

2.  Make up the questions.

1. Class “A”  materials may be located in the cargo holds or on deck, stowed in containers or in bulk stowage. 

2. Many of the liquefied flammable gases, such as LPG and LNG, are transported in bulk on gas carriers.

3. The metallic powders of titanium, aluminum and magnesium must be kept in dry, segregated areas. 

4. The materials most often involved in fire, Class “A” materials, may best be extinguished by the most available extinguishing agent, water.

5. The installation of a fixed dry chemical system is required on gas carriers in accordance with SVR 5-8-11/4. 

6. No one method of extinguishment has proven effective for all fires involving metals.