Контрольная работа по практической грамматике английского языка

I. Translate the following sentences into English using participles.

              1. I heard, his name was mentioned in this connection.

              2. I could not admit to my only son was expelled from college.

              3. I think that your mother's chickens were counted each evening.

              4. In our house it is impossible to achieve something has been done.

              5. A woman came out of the store and walked to the car, abandoned in the parking lot just down the street.

              6. Left alone, I looked around.

              7. The child always listens with interest the tales told by the nurse.

              8. Approaching the door, he opened it.

              9. Tom went to the laughing girl.

              10. Grandma looked at the children playing in the yard.

II. Translate into English.

Reading, reading, reading, read, drawing, writing, making, taken, taking, being forgotten, building under construction, playing, built.

III. Open the brackets, use the appropriate form of the participles.

1. Written in a very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read.

2. Writing his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics.

3. Being spent twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home.

4. Selling fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends.

5. Writing out and learning all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily.

6. Sitting near the fire, he felt very warm.

7. Waiting in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady.

8. They reached the oasis at last, walking across the endless desert the whole day.

9. Lying down on the sofa couch, the exhausted child fell asleep at once.

IV. Translate the following sentences into English using appropriate prepositions.

              1. I have not been in Moscow since 2005.

              2. Pass along this corridor, wrap around the corner at the end of the corridor and enter the first room.

              3. Five minutes later, everybody sat at a table and listened to grandmother .

              4. He looked at the boat, floating down the river.

              5. At sunset, we often went to sea and returned home at half past ten or eleven.

              6. On Friday, she usually goes out of town.

              7. Academic year begins in September and ends - in May.

              8. The bus came to a stop after ten minutes.

              9. Half an hour later we were at the station.

              10. At ten minutes past seven, we went on a trip.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

СРЕДНЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«ВОЛГОГРАДСКИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

Контрольная работа

по дисциплине: «Практическая грамматика»

Специальность: «Иностранный язык»

Вариант №7

Выполнила:

Студентка 5 курса ОЗО

Тарасова Валентина

Проверила:

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

СРЕДНЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«ВОЛГОГРАДСКИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

Контрольная работа

по дисциплине: «Психолого-педагогический практикум»

Специальность: «Иностранный язык»

Вариант №7

Выполнила:

Студентка 5 курса ОЗО

Тарасова Валентина

Проверила:

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

СРЕДНЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«ВОЛГОГРАДСКИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

Контрольная работа

по дисциплине: «Практическая фонетика»

Специальность: «Иностранный язык»

Вариант №7

Выполнила:

Студентка 5 курса ОЗО

Тарасова Валентина

Проверила:

Иголкина З.В.

Волгоград 2012 г.

Contain

1.      Introduction

2.      Classification of pronunciation variants in English.

3.      British and American pronunciation models.

Introduction

We don't need to speak in order to use language. Language can be written,
broadcast from tapes and CDs, and produced by computers in limited ways.
Nevertheless, speech remains the primary way humans encode and broadcast
language. Speaking and writing are different in both origin and practice. Our
ability to use language is as old as humankind is. It reflects the biological and
cognitive modification that has occurred during the evolution of our species.
Writing is the symbolic representation of language by graphic signs. It is
comparatively recent cultural development. Spoken language is acquired without
specific formal instruction, whereas writing must be taught and learned through
deliberate effort. The origins of the written language lie in the spoken language,
not the other way round.              .

The written form of  languages  is usually a generally accepted standard and is the same throughout the country. But spoken language may vary from place to place. Such distinct forms of language are called dialects! The varieties of the language are conditioned by language communities ranging from small groups to nations. Speaking about the nations we refer to the national variants of the language. According to A.D. Schweitzer national language is a historical category evolving from conditions of economic and political concentration which characterizes the formation of nation. In the case of English there exists a great diversity in the realization of the language and particularly in terms of pronunciation.   Though  every  national  variant  of English  has   considerable differences in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar; they all have much in common which gives us ground to speak of one and the same language — the English language.

Every national variety of language falls into territorial or regional dialects. Dialects are distinguished from each other by differences in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. When we refer to varieties in pronunciation only, we use the term accent. So local accents may have many features of pronunciation in common and are grouped into territorial or area accents. For certain reasons one of the dialects becomes the standard language of the nation and its pronunciation or accent - the standard pronunciation.

The literary spoken form has its national pronunciation standard. A standard may be defined as "a socially accepted variety of language established by a codified norm of correctness" (K. Macanalay). Standard national pronunciation is sometimes called "an orthoepic  norm''. Some phoneticians however prefer the term "literary pronunciation".

Classification of pronunciation variants in English.

Nowadays two main types of English are spoken in the English-speaking world: British English and American English.

According to British dialectologists (P. Trudgill, J. Hannah, A. Hughes and others), the following variants of English are referred to the English-based group: English English, Welsh English, Australian English, New Zealand English; to the American-based group: United States English, Canadian English. Scottish English and Ireland English fall somewhere between the two, being somewhat by themselves.

According to M. Sokolova and others, English English, Welsh English, Scottish English and Northern Irish English should be better combined into the British English subgroup, on the ground of political, geographical, cultural unity which brought more similarities - then differences for those variants of pronunciation.

Teaching practice as well as a pronouncing dictionary must base their
recommendations on one or more models. A pronunciation model is a carefully chosen and defined accent of a language.               

In the nineteenth century Received Pronunciation (RP) was a social marker, a prestige accent of an Englishman. "Received" was understood in the sense of "accepted in the best society". The speech of aristocracy and the court phonetically was that of the London area. Then it lost its local characteristics and was finally fixed as a ruling-class accent, often referred to as "King's English". It was also the accent taught at public schools. With the spread of education cultured people not belonging to upper classes were eager to modify their accent in the direction of social standards.

In the first edition of English Pronouncing Dictionary (1917), Daniel Jones defined the type of pronunciation recorded as "Public School Pronunciation" (PSP). He had by 1926, however, abandoned the term PSP in favour of "Received Pronunciation" (RP). The type of speech he had in mind was not restricted to London and the Home Counties, however being characteristic by the nineteenth century of upper-class speech throughout the country. The Editor of the 14th Edition of the dictionary, A.C. Gimson, commented in 1977 "Such a definition of RP is hardly tenable today". A more broadly-based and accessible model accent for British English is represented in the 15th (1997) and the 16th (2003) editions – ВВС English. This is the pronunciation of professional speakers employed by the BBC as newsreaders and announcers. Of course, one finds differences between such speakers - they have their own personal characteristics, and an increasing number of broadcasters with Scottish, Welsh and Irish accents are employed. On this ground J.C. Wells (Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 33rd edition - 2000) considers that the term BBC pronunciation has become less appropriate. According to J.C. Wells, in England and Wales RP is widely regarded as a model for correct pronunciation, particularly for educated formal speech.

For American English, the selection (in EPD) also follows what is frequently heard from professional   voices on national. Network news   and   information programmes. It is similar to what has been termed General American, which refers to a geographically (largely non-coastal) and socially based set of pronunciation features. It is important to note that no single dialect - regional or social - has been singled out as an American standard. Even national media (radio, television, movies, CD-ROM, etc.), with professionally trained voices have speakers with regionally mixed features. However, Network English, in its most colourless form, can be described as a relatively homogeneous dialect that reflects the ongoing development of progressive American dialects. This "dialect" itself contains some variant forms. The variants involve vowels before [r], possible differences in words like cot and caught and some vowels before [l]. These differences largely pass unnoticed by the audiences for Network English, and are also reflective of age differences. What are thought to be the more progressive (used by educated, socially mobile, and younger speakers) variants are considered as first variants. J.C. Wells prefers the term General American. This is what is spoken by the majority of Americans, namely those who do not have a noticeable eastern or southern accent.

Литература

1.      Соколова М.А. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка.- М., ВЛАДОС, 2006.

2.      Соколова М.А. Практическая фонетика английского языка.- М., ВЛАДОС, 2006.

3.      Gimson A.C. An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English. – Ldn, 1991