Использование аутентичных материалов при обучении аудированию как виду речевой деятельности на старшем этапе

3. Organizations of Green politics aim to protect both the renewable resources, such as clean air and water and the non-renewable ones: oil and gas. (восполняемые и невосполняемые ресурсы).

4. People believe that the only way we can increase human wealth is by producing more and consuming more. (повысить/увеличить/...расходовать/потреблять).

5. The arms build-up has reached really immoral levels. (гонка вооружений).

6. On the other side of the coin the alternative we’re can put across to materialism is an increasing awareness of the spiritual values. (другая сторона медали/  осознание/ духовные ценности).           

  Учащиеся делают свои предположения о значении неизвестных им слов, затем учитель сообщает им правильные ответы.           

 Затем учащимся  предлагается просмотреть ряд вопросов по тексту,  на каждый из которых они должны ответить и дать собственную субъективную оценку после прослушивания. (Вопросы взяты из учебника).            

 Look briefly at the relevant questions and close your books. (Учебники предлагается закрыть, чтобы вопросы не отвлекали от слушания текста и выполнения следующего задания).

1. How did Jonathon Porrit become interested in the environment?

2. Why do you think he says that “you can’t really talk about ecology as a science, you have to consider ecology within a social and political context?”

3.He says economics is “the key to it all...” Do you agree?

4. Why does he call himself a constructive pessimist?

5. He reffers to 4 crucial problems that the planet faces. Write in the chart what the problems are, and add some notes on each.

6. He says that these problems have the same roots, that is, the belief that “the only way we can increase human wealth is by producing more and consuming more, even if we destroy the planet in the process”. Do you agree?

7. To Jonathon Porrit’s opinion there’s a way out, the alternative humankind can put across to materialism. What is it?

Jonathon Porrit’s opinion is that an increasing awareness of the spiritual values of humankind is the way out, the alternative we can put/ we’re putting across materialism.            

 Далее на  предтекстовом этапе мы раздаем  учащимся карточки со следующем заданием:            

 Look through these sentences and arrange the order their English equivalents appear in the text. (Учащиеся должны расставить номера в соответствии с логической последовательностью повествования).

 

            Now listen to the interview.

II. Текстовой этап. Второй этап посвящается восприятию и пониманию текста и извлечению нужной информации. Следует отметить, что в естественных условиях понимание смысла не является целью акта общения. Это результат слушания,  а также необходимое условие осуществления коммуникативной цели слушающего, например, получить определенную практическую информацию, узнать мнение собеседника по конкретному вопросу, получить разрешение на что-либо, узнать что-то важное и интересное. Поэтому слушатель должен произвести селекцию содержания: определить новую информацию опираясь на уже известную, а в новой информации выделить то, что соответствует его коммуникативной цели. Эта деятельность направляется предтекстовыми заданиями.           

 Во время  слушания текста учащиеся выполняют  задание “Arrange the order”.

III. Послетекстовый этап. Третий этап служит для контроля понимания смысла текста, то есть осуществления коммуникативного намерения и достижения коммуникативной  цели слушания (получил / не получил нужные сведения, узнал / не узнал что-то важное, заинтересовался / не заинтересовался содержанием и пр.), а также эффективности акта общения.           

 Проверка  задания “Arrange the order”, затем учащимся предлагается ответить на предтекстовые вопросы.           

 Answer the questions. (Даны примерные ответы).

1. How did Jonathon Porrit become interested in the environment?

While he was a teacher, he began to wonder what the future world would be like for the children he was teaching.

2. Why do you think he says that “you can’t really talk about ecology as a science, you have to consider ecology within a social and political context?”

Because the state of the environment depends on what we as citizens and politicians as decision makers want to do with it.

3.He says economics is “the key to it all...” Do you agree?

Ученики могут согласиться  или не согласиться  с точкой зрения самого Джонатана Поррита. (He says  that it is financial considerations that decide most issues, not because of their being “good” or “bad”).

4. Why does he call himself a constructive pessimist?

He calls himself a pessimist, because there is a lot of problems to worry/ to be pessimistic about, but a constructive pessimist because something still might be done about these problems/ these problems are not hopeless yet.

5. He reffers to 4 crucial problems that the planet faces. Write in the chart what the problems are, and add some notes on each.

6. He says that these problems have the same roots, that is, the belief that “the only way we can increase human wealth is by producing more and consuming more, even if we destroy the planet in the process”. Do you agree?

Ученики могут согласиться или не согласиться. Им предлагается  обсудить этот вопрос.

7. To Jonathon Porrit’s opinion there’s a way out, the alternative humankind can put across to materialism. What is it?

Jonathon Porrit’s opinion is that an increasing awareness of the spiritual values of humankind is the way out, the alternative we can put/ we’re putting across materialism.            

 Разделить  группу на две половины. Ученикам  предлагается ролевая игра, в  которой одна сторона будет  представлять “Green peace”, а  вторая - директора крупной нефтяной компании. Задача первой стороны - убедить директора, что он должен закрыть предпрятие, задача второй стороны - отказаться закрыть предприятие и объяснить, почему. Учащимся раздаются карточки с лексикой текста. Учащиеся должны, используя лексику, составить диалог (минимум - по 6 предложений с каждой стороны), выбрать представителя от каждой группы, кто будет представлять диалог, но остальные члены группы также могут принять участие в обсуждении.           

 Now we are going to play a role game. Make two groups. Your task is to make up a kind of dialogue-discussion of 6 or more sentences between a member of “Green Peace” and the director of a powerful oil trust. The first group’s task is to convince the director of the need to shut down the company, the second side should refuse to do it and to give the reasons for such a stand. Choose the person who will introduce the dialogue, but the other members of each group also may take part in the discussion. Use the cards with the words and expressions.

 

 

            На следующем  уроке для закрепления и контроля  пройденного языкового материала,  ученикам можно раздать текст с пропущенными словами и выражениями и предложить заполнить пробелы.           

 Fill the blanks in the text.

I Could I ask you please, how did your interest in the environment, and the need to protect it, begin?

P It really all began because I was a teacher, and teaching  in an inner London comprehensive school near Shepherd’s Bush, and obviously a lot of the work we were doing were ... was _________________________about the shape of ______________, and the world into which those children would have ___________________, after they’d finished their five years’ schooling. And I became more and more involved in trying ______________ what the shape of the planet would be like after the year two thousand, and one of the big projects that we did with some of our kids was to look more carefully at the relationship between __________________ and the planet. And that got me interested in the whole subject, and I started reading much more about __________. And then I began to realize that you can’t really talk about ecology as a science, you have_________________________________________________. And that’s what drew me into Green politics. I became increasingly involved in several organizations, tried to wrap my... mind more and more around the economics of the issues, as that’s really the key to it all, and eventually ended up with “Friends of the Earth”, as...as director.

I I see. When you look into the future, the next thirty years, a reasonably  long term, you perhaps see reasons to be both optimistic and pessimistic. What changes and developments do you think we might see over the next thirty years?

P It is very hard to predict - it has to be said - and I do __________________________________. I call myself a______________________, looking at some of the issues we face, and yet if we don’t  face them in a constructive way, then that pessimism merely feeds on itself, and becomes fatalism, and the world really will get into a very sorry state. But obviously, the ______________________problems we _________ now are largely those of population, which is a problem... which is unfolding remorselessly, and will really hit us in the middle of the next century; the misuse or abuse of the world’s resources, both the _________________________,  such as the clean air, clean water, and the ______________________, the speed with which we’re using up oil, gas, whatever else it may be; the appalling problems of ______________ and ______________ and hunger, which er... what we saw last year in Ethiopia and Sudan, I’m sorry to say, is merely a very small indication of the kind of things we’re going to see before now and the turn of the century; the arms ________________, which has reached really staggeringly immoral levels er... one thousand million million dollars now being spent on arms every year, instead of being spent on the kinds of things that it ought to go on. And all of those problems, to us, which we, which we consider to be the problems of er... the misuse of the planet are very daunting. And they’re not separate, they are all interconnected. And what I think is only just dawning on people, is that a lot of these problems do have the same roots, namely the unsustainable system that we insist upon at the moment, believing that the only way we can _____________human _______________ is by producing more and ____________________ more, even if we destroy the planet in the process. On the __________________coin personally I think that there’s another way out, the ________________ we’re putting across to __________________ - an increasing _________________ of the ______________ values.

I Mr Porrit, thank you very much indeed.

P Thanks.           

 Предложить  ученикам дома написать сочинение,  используя прослушанный текст,  изложить в нем свои собственные  взгляды на проблему экологии.            

 Your home task is to make a composition using the text, where you have to express your own opinion about the problem of ecology.           

 Все предложенные  в данной курсовой работе задания  не были апробированы на практике, но мы полагаем, что данная разработка может быть результативной в  овладении умениями и навыками аудирования.