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The first requirement of monitoring is to establish the position of the ship. This may be done by variety of methods, ranging from very basic three bearing lines, through a more technically sophisticated use of radar ranges/bearings, to instant readout of one of the electronic position fixing system - e.g. GPS. The result though is always the same. It is how this information is used that is important.
As stated above, fixing methods vary. Basic fixing consists of more than one position line obtained from taking bearings using azimuth ring on a compass. Gyro or magnetic, the bearings are corrected to true, drawn on the chart and the position shown. Three position lines are the minimum required to ensure accuracy.