Грамматика английского языка

Упр. 343. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя застывшие словосочетания с инфи­нитивом.

1. Чтобы получить хорошую оценку, вы дол­жны упорно поработать. 2. С ней трудно иметь дело. 3. Что делать? 4. Начнем с того, что он болен. 5. Чтобы читать Диккенса в оригинале, вы должны хорошо знать язык. 6. Мягко выра­жаясь, он не прав. 7. Она была не виновата. 8. Ребенку не с кем играть. 9. Видеть значит ве­рить. 10. Чтобы успеть на этот поезд, вы долж­ны поторопиться. 11. Не может быть и речи о покупке машины в этом году. 12. Книга остав­ляет желать лучшего. 13. Сказать по правде, мне это не нравится. 14. Им было нечего есть. 15. Кто виноват? 16. Короче говоря, он не сде­лал урок. 17. В нашей семье мама всегда встает первая. 18. На нее приятно смотреть. 19. Чтобы перевести эту статью, вы должны воспользоваться словарем. 20. Мне некуда ехать летом. 21.0 том, чтобы купаться в этой реке, не могло быть и речи.

22. Ему было не с кем обсудить эту проблему. 23. Вчера Катя пришла в школу последней.

Сравните употребление

Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive

to write — to be written

I am glad to help you —

рад помочь (рад, что я помогаю) I am glad to be helped  -

рад, что мне помогают

Упр. 344. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.

1. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. 2. To improve your phonetics you should record yourself and analyse your speech. 3. This is the book to be read during the summer holidays. 4. To be instructed by such a good specialist was a great advantage. 5. To play chess was his greatest pleas­ure. 6. The child did not like to be washed. 7. Isn't it natural that we like to be praised and don't like to be scolded? 8. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? He is very forgetful, but he doesn't like to be reminded of his duties.

Сравните употребление

Indefinite Infinitive и Perfect Infinitive

to write — to have written

I am glad to see you —

рад видеть вас ( раду что вижу) I am glad to have seen you —

рад, что повидал

Упр. 345. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на Perfect Infinitive.

1. I am awfully glad to have met you. 2. Sorry to have placed you in this disagreeable situation. 3. I am very happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance. 4. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 5. Clyde was awfully glad to have renewed his acquaintance with Sondra, 6. Sorry not to have noticed you. 7.1 am sorry to have added some more trouble by what I have told you. 8. When Clyde looked at the girl closely, he remembered to have seen her in Sondra's company. 9. I remembered to have been moved1 by the scene I witnessed. 10. The child was happy to have been brought home. 11. Jane remembered to have been told a lot about Mr. Rochester. 12. The children were delighted to have been brought to the circus. 13. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 14. Maggie was very sorry to have forgotten to feed the rabbits.

1 moved — зд. растроган

Упр. 346. Замените выделенные части пред­ложений инфинитивными оборотами.

E.g. He is sorry that he has said it. He is sorry to have said it.

1. She was sorry that she had missed the begin­ning of the concert. 2. I am glad that I see all my friends here. 3. I was afraid of going past that place alone. 4. My sister will be thrilled when she is wearing a dress as lovely as that. 5. We must wait till we hear the examination results. 6. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in. 7. I should be delighted if I could join you. 8. He hopes that he will know everything by to­morrow. 9. It is certain that it will rain if you don't take your umbrella. 10. Don't promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can.

11. He was happy that he was praised by every­body. 12. He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother.

Упр. 347. Раскройте скобки, употребляя тре­бующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. Не seems (to read) a lot. 2. Не seems (to read) now. 3. He seems (to read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all the books in the library. 5. I want (to take) you to the concert. 6.1 want (to take) to the concert by my father. 7. She hoped (to help) her Mends. 6. She hoped (to help) by her friends. 9. I hope (to see) you soon. 10. We expect (to be) back in two days. 11. He expected (to help) by the teacher. 12. The children seem (to play) since morning. 13. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 14. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 15 I am sorry (to break) your pen.

Упр. 348. Раскройте скобки, употребляя тре­бующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defence lines and (to advance) to­wards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman pre­tended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem (to look) for trouble. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was cov­ered with a deep layer of snow. 11. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from behind the door. 12. Perhaps it would upset her (to tell) the truth of the matter. 13. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 14. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather in the bedroom. 15. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 16. They seemed (to wait) for ages.

Упр. 349. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. Я рад, что рассказал вам эту историю. 2. Я рад, что мне рассказали эту историю. 3. Я хочл познакомить вас с этой артисткой. 4. Я хочу, чтобы меня познакомили с этой артисткой. 5. Я

рад, что встретил ее на станции. 6. Я рад, что меня встретили на станции. 7. Мы очень счаст­ливы, что пригласили его на вечер. 8. Мы очень счастливы, что нас пригласили на вечер. 9 Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки. 10. Я не предполагал останавливаться на этой станции. 11. Я не ожидал, что меня остановят. 12. Я со­жалею, что причинил вам столько беспокойства. 13. Он будет счастлив посетить эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 14 Он был счастлив, что по­сетил эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 15. Он не выносит1, когда ему лгут. 16. Я вспомнил, что уже встречал это слово в какой-то книге.

Упр. 350. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. Мне очень жаль, что я пропустил эту инте­ресную лекцию. 2. Она счастлива, что слышала концерт известного итальянского дирижера. 3. Она рада, что присутствовала на лекции. 4. Он очень доволен, что закончил свою книгу. 5. Им повезло, что они увидели этот прекрасный парк в ясный солнечный день. 6. Наши спорт смены гордятся тем, что выиграли кубок. 7. Он попросил, чтобы его проводили в актовый зал 8. Я только хочу, чтобы мне позволили помочь вам. 9. Я был благодарен, что мне дали комнату с большим окном. 10. Он был счастлив, что вер­нулся домой. 11. Он был счастлив, что снова дома. 12. Я сожалею, что прервал вас. 13. Я со­жалею, что не застала вас дома. 14. Я рада, что ;дала вам нужные сведения. 15. Джейн была сча­стлива, что уезжает от миссис Рид. 16. Рочестер был рад познакомиться с Джейн. 17. Рочестер был рад, что познакомился с Джейн.

ПРИЧАСТИЕ

She watched the children writing

the dictation.

Writing the dictation, he made

only one mistake.

The dictation written the day before

was corrected.

Упр. 351. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на причастия.

1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3. The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle. 4. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the perform­ance had already begun. 6. Looking out of the win­dow, he saw his mother watering the flowers. 7. Hearing the sounds of music we stopped talking 8. She went into the room, leaving the door open.

Упр. 352. Замените придаточные определи­тельные предложения причастными оборотами.

1. All the people who live in this house are stu dents. 2. The woman who is speaking now is oui secretary. 3. The apparatus that stands on the table in the- corner of the laboratory is quite new. 4. The young man who helps the professor in his experiments studies at an evening school for la bo ratory workers. 5. People who take books from the library must return them in time. 6. There are rnany pupils in our class who take part in all kinds of extra-curricular activities.

Упр. 353. Замените придаточные предложе­ния причины причастными оборотами.

1. As he now felt more at ease, the man spoke in a louder voice. 2. Since he knew who the man was, Robert was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him. 3. As he thought that it was his brother at the window, Steve decided to open it. 4. As the people were afraid of falling into a ditch in the darkness at any moment, they felt their way about very carefully. 5. Since he needed a shelter for the night, Peter decided to go to the neighbours' house.

Упр. 354. Замените придаточные предложе­ния времени причастными оборотами (не опус­кайте союз when).

1. When you speak English, pay attention to the order of words. 2. Be careful when you are crossing a street. 3. When you are leaving the room, don't forget to switch off the light. 4. When you begin to work with the dictionary, don't for­get my instructions. 5. When they were travelling in Central Africa, the explorers met many wild animals. 6. When you are copying English texts, pay attention to the articles. 7. You must have much practice when you are learning to speak a foreign language.

Past Participle = Participle II

III форма глагола

broken — сломанный, разбитый written — написанный eaten — съеденный

Упр. 355. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на Past Participle.

1. My sister likes boiled eggs. 2. We stopped before a shut door. 3. Tied to the tree, the goat could not run away. 4. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 5. This is a church built many years ago. 6. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th century England. 7. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me. 8. The coat bought last year is too small for me now. 9. Nobody saw the things kept in that box.

Сравните употребление

Participle I ("ing''-форма)

и Participle II (III форма глагола)

taking — берущий,

беря

doing — делающий, делая

taken — взятый done — сделанный

Упр. 356. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на Participle 1 и Participle II.

1. a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live.

b) A person taking a sun-bath must be very care­ful.

c) Taking a dictionary, he began to translate

the text.

a) A line seen through this crystal looks double.

b) A teacher seeing a mistake in a student's dictation always corrects it.

c) Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: "Fire! Fire!"

a) The word said by the student was not correct.

b) The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician.

c) Standing at the window, she was waving her hand.

a) A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.

b) He saw some people in the post-office send-

ing telegrams. When sending the telegram she forgot to write

her name.

a) Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important.

b) The girl putting the book on the shelf is the new librarian.

c) While putting the eggs into the basket she broke one of them.

a) A word spoken in time may have very im­portant results.

b) The students speaking good English must help their classmates.

c) The speaking doll interested the child very much.

d) While speaking to Nick some days ago I for­got to ask him about his sister.

Упр. 357. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия.

1 . a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard

is our best pupil. b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.

It

2. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall

trees is very beautiful.

b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.

3. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework

at that table?

b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.

4. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my

sister.

b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.

5. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Rus­sian folk songs.

b) We listened to the Russian folk songs (sing­ing, sung) by the girls.

6. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?

7. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting.

8. Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.

9. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.

10. The (losing, lost) book was found at last.

11 (Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann.

12. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.

13. Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last

year. 14.1 picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor.

15. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.

16. Yesterday we were at a conference (organiz­ing, organized) by the pupils of the 10th form.

17. (Taking, taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across the street.

18. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) stamp.

19.1 shall show you a picture (painting, painted)

by Hogarth. '

20. Here is the letter (receiving, received) by me yesterday.

21. Look at the beautiful flowers (gathering, gath­ered) by the children.

22. His hat (blowing, blown) off by the wind was lying m the middle of the street.

23. ^How do you like the film?" he asked, (turn­ing, turned) towards me.

24. When we came nearer, we saw two boys (com­ing, come) towards us.

25.1 think that the boy (standing, stood) there is his brother.

Сравните употребление Present Participle и Perfect Participle

buying - покупая having bought

купив

Упр. 358. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.

1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. 2. (to do) his homework, he went for a walk. 3 (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hop­ing to see his friends. 4. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see. his friends. 5. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. 6. (to drink) tea, she scalded her lips. 7. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my Knee. 8. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs. 9. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily. 10. (to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg's White Nights in summer. 11. (to talk) to her neighbour in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money. 12. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf. 13. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home. 14. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.

Упр. 359. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на причастия.

1. The boy lay sleeping when the doctor came. 2. The broken arm was examined by the doctor. 3. While being examined, the boy could not help cry­ing. 4. Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. 5. The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. 6. The dress bought at the department store was very beautiful. 7. While using a needle you should be careful not to prick your finger. 8. While crossing the street one should first look to the left and then to the right. 9. People watching a perform­ance are called an audience. 10. Being very ill, she could not go to school. 11. The first rays of the rising sun lit up the top of the hill. 12. The tree struck by lightning was all black and leafless. 13. Being busy, he postponed his trip. 14. The door bolted on the in side could not be opened, 15. Having been shown the wrong direction, the travellers soon lost their way, 16. The room facing the garden is much more com­fortable than this one. 17. Having descended the moun­tain they heard a man calling for help. 18. Flushed and excited, the boy came running to his mother. 19. He stood watching the people who were coming down the street shouting and waving their hands.