Грамматика английского языка

Упр. 325. Переведите на английский язык. Сравните конструкцию вопросительных предло­жений в прямой и косвенной речи

1. Вчера наш учитель спросил нас: "Много ли вы читаете?" 2. Когда он увидел у меня в руках "Дэви­да Копперфильда", он спросил: "Где вы взяли эту книгу?" Потом он спросил: "Знаете ли вы что-нибудь об авторе этой книги?" 4. Миша спросил меня: "Когда ты пойдешь покупать книги?" 1. Вчера наш учитель спросил нас, много ли мы читаем. 2. Когда он увидел у меня в руках "Дэви­да Копперфильда", он спросил, где я взял эту книгу. 3.  Потом он спросил, знаю ли я что-нибудь об авторе этой кни­ги. 4. Миша спросил меня, когда я пойду поку­пать книги.

Упр. 326. Передайте следующие предложения косвенной речи.

1. "Why do you help him?" said Alec to us. "He is lazy. He can do everything himself." 2. "I don't want to go to the zoo. I was there last week with my cousin and saw all the animals," said Lena. 3. "Look at my stamps, father," said Nick. "When will you buy some new ones for me?" 4. "I can't do this exercise: it is too difficult," said Tanya. "Why didn't you ask your teacher to explain it?" said her brother. 5. "Can you see the lights over there in the distance?" said the lighthouse keeper. "Yes, I can," said his assistant. "A ship is giving sig­nals." 6. "Did you run a race yesterday?" said Pe­ter. "Yes, we did," said Ann. "Tamara was the first to come to the finish." 7. "Where is my bag, moth­er?" asked Tom. "I have put it on the chair near the door," said his mother. "Don't forget to put your record-book into it." 8. "Why can't we play here, mother?" asked the children. "Father is .sleep­ing," said their mother. "He has worked very much today. Keep quiet."

Обратите внимание на передачу следующих конструкций в косвенной речи

"Let's play chess," said Nick. — Nick suggested playing chess. "All right," said Pete. — Pete agreed. "Oh no," said Mike. — Mike refused.

Упр. 327. Передайте следующие ниже предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Let's play badminton," said Nina. "All right," said Mike. "I like to play badminton very much."

2. "Let's run a race," said Bill. "No," said Jack. "I hurt my foot three days ago and now I cannot run."

3. "Will you show me your new flat?" said Tom. "Of course," said Becky. "Come to our place to­morrow." 4. "I shall go to see my friend tomor­row," said Kate. "Will you come with me?" "Yes, I shall," said Pete. "I want to see your friend." 5. "Does your friend always come to school so ear­ly?" said Victor. "No," said Mary. "She came so early this morning because she is on duty today." 6. "There is a new film on at our cinema," said Lena. "Let's go and see it." "No, I can't," said Mike. "I shall be busy." 7. "What shall we do with Nick?" said Ann. "He has got a bad mark again." "Let's help him with his Russian," said Pete. "I am sure we can do it."

Упр. 328. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said: "We have forgotten to take the ball!" 2. She said: "I shall be very glad to see you." 3. "Let's go to the Philharmonic. There is a good concert there tonight," said Walter. "Oh, very good," said Robert. "I haven't been to the Philhar­monic for a long time." 4. Alec asked me: "Have you ever been to the National Gallery?" "Yes, I have," said I. "I visited it last year when we were staying in London." 5. Nellie said "Yesterday I went to see Paul, but he was not at home." "Let's go to see him today," said Nick. "I think he will be at home." "No," said Nellie, "I can't go today, I am very busy." 6. He said: "Who is this man? I don't know him." 7. I thought: "He is a very clev­er man: he can help me." 8. My brother said: "In two hours I shall have finished my work and then I shall go to the cinema." Then he said to me: "Let's go together." "All right," I said. 9. The teacher said: "Open your books and begin reading the new text." 10. The girl asked: "What is the price of this dress?" 11. "Please help me with this prob­lem, I cannot solve it," I said to my father. "All right," said my father, "let's try to solve it to­gether." 12. "Let's go to Finland for the winter holidays," said Kate. "No," said Andrew, "we have already been to Finland. Let's go to Greece. It will be very interesting to see the country we have read about so much." "All right," said Kate, "let's go."

Упр. 329. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "That's enough," said Tom's mother," he will never go there again. I shall see to it." 2. "Who will read the next story?" asked grandmother. "It is very interesting, and I am sure you all will like it." 3. "Will you come and see me on Friday?" Lena asked her friend. "All right," said her friend, "I think I shall be free on Friday." 4. "Will you need the book for a long time?" he asked me. "I can give it to you only for a few days." 5. "Soon I shall know the whole poem perfectly," said Mary. "I have already learnt more than half of it." 6 "Will you be able to find their house without me?" said John to me "You have never been to those parts." 7. "Please don't ask me any more questions," she said to me, "I am very tired. I shall answer all your questions tomorrow." 8. "I shall finish read­ing the book by Monday, and then you can have it," he said to me. 9. "I haven't seen him since last year," said Lena, "and I think he has grown. Let's go and see him tomorrow." "All right," said I. "It will be interesting to see him and talk to him." 10. "Do you think it is really correct?" I asked my friend. "I am afraid you have made a mistake in one or two words."

Упр.ЗЗО. Восстановите прямую речь в следу­ющих предложениях.

1. John told his friend that he had just come from the United States and intended to stay in St. Petersburg for about a month. 2. Our monitor said that he was not satisfied with his report and was going to work at it for some more time. He said that he was to make it on the twelfth of February and so he had a few days left. 3. He said that he

was quite all right. The climate hadn't done him any harm. 4. A man came up and asked me where He could buy a video-cassette. 5. I asked my broth­er who had rung him up in the morning. 6. He told me not to call on him the next day as he would not be at home. 7. The officer ordered the soldiers to wait for him. 8. He said that he had lived in St. Petersburg for many years and knew the city very well. 9.1 told my brother that I was sorry he hadn't kept his promise.

Упр. 331. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1 "Have you got a Russian-English dictionary?" he asked me. "Can you let me have it for this evening? I must do some very difficult transla­tion." "All right," said I. "I won't need it tonight." 2. "I thought about you last night, Lydia," said Nellie. "Have you decided to go to Omsk with your parents or will you remain here with your aunt until you finish school?" 3. "Have you done your homework or did you leave it till the evening, Bob?" asked Mike. "I thought of inviting you to go to the theatre with me, but I remembered that you near­ly always do your homework in the evening." 4. "I am fond of Dickens," said Jack. "I have been read­ing 'The Old Curiosity Shop' the whole week. I like the novel very much. 1 arn reading it for the sec­ond time." 5. "I think my friend has finished read­ing 'Jane Eyre', said Tanya. "I hope she will give it to me soon: I am eager to read it."

Упр. 332. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. The shop-assistant said: "The shoe depart­ment is downstairs." 2. The professor said to his

assistant: "You have made great progress." 3. Trip teacher said to us: "You must read this text at home." 4. Paul said: "We shall have to discuss this text tomorrow." 5. She asked me: "Do you know who has taken my book?" 6. We asked him: "What has happened to you? You look so pale!" 7. She said to me: "I hope you haven't forgotten to post the letter." 8. She asked me: "Where have you put my gloves? I cannot find them." 9. They said to me: "Try this coat on before buying it. Maybe you won't like it when you have put it on." 10. Last night I was called to the telephone. An unfamiliar voice said: "Is that Dmitri speaking? My name is Pavlov. I have corne from Moscow today. I have brought some books for you from your friends I. am staying at the 'Europe' Hotel. When and where can I see you?" "Let's meet at the monument to Pushkin in the Square of Arts at five o'clock if it is convenient for you," I said. "All right," he an swered, "I shall be there."

Упр. 333 Передайте следующий диалог в кос­венной речи.

What will you order?

Give me the menu, please.

Here you are.

Chicken soup for the first course...

For the second course I recommend you

to take fried fish. It is very good.

All right, bring me fried fish.

Any vegetables?

Yes, bring me some potatoes, and then

cheese, coffee and fruit.

Yes, sir.

Упр. 334. Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.

MOTHER. Nick! Do you hear the alarm-clock?

Wake up!

NICK.        Oh, I am so sleepy!

MOTHER. Well, that's what you always say. Now,

get out of bed quickly. NICK.        Oh!

MOTHER. Be quick, or you will be late for school.

NICK.        No fear. I have a lot of time.

MOTHER. You forget that you have to brush your

teeth and to wash your hands and face.

NICK.        Mummy, I remember everything.

Упр. 335. Передайте следующий диалог в кос­венной речи.

PETER.   Are you coming my way?

JOHN.      Yes, I am. How are you getting along?

PETER.   Jolly well. How did you find the last test in geometry?

JOHN.      Rather difficult. I am not very good at

solving problems. PETER.   Why didn't you ask me to help you? I'll

gladly do it.

JOHN.      Oh, thanks a lot. I shall. Have you got a lot of home-work for tomorrow?

PETER.   Yes. You know the time-table, Friday is always a bad day. We have six lessons to­morrow, and all the subjects are difficult. Besides, there will be questions from my little sister. She is not very good at sums.

JOHN.      All right, then. I'll come to your place tomorrow evening, if you don't mind.

PETER.    Let's make it tomorrow. I'll be waiting for you.

Упр. 336. Передайте следующий диалог в кос­венной речи.

SUSAN.   Good morning, doctor.

DOCTOR. Good morning, Susan. What's the mat­ter with you?

SUSAN.   I feel bad. I have a headache, and I am afraid I am running a temperature.

DOCTOR. Open your mouth and show me your throat. You have a bad cold, Susan. You must stay in bed for two days until your temperature is normal and you stop coughing.

SUSAN.   How I hate being ill and staying in bed!

DOCTOR. But if you are not careful, you may fall ill with the flu or pneumonia. I'll pre­scribe some medicine.

SUSAN.   Thank you, doctor. Good-bye.  .

Упр. 337. Передайте следующий диалог в кос­венной речи.

JANE.      May I come in?

KATE.     Is that you, Jane? Come in! It is very

good of you to come and see me. JANE.      I came before, but you were too ill to see

anybody. Did you get the flowers? KATE.     Surely, I did. It was very nice of you to

send them to me. JANE.      How are you now? KATE.     Oh, I am much better, thank you. The

doctor says that I shall be allowed to go

out in a few days. JANE.      Do you miss school? KATE.      Very much. I am afraid I'll be lagging

behind the group in my lessons now. JANE.      Don't think about it. We shall help you. KATE.     Thank you very much.

   ynp. 338. Передайте следующий диалог в кос­венной речи.

MICHAEL.   I say, Bill, can you show me around a bit? I only came here two days ago and I haven't been anywhere as yet.

BILL. Of course, I shall do it with pleasure. Let's go at once. And let's invite Al­ice to come with us. She knows a lot about the places of interest here.

MICHAEL.   That's a good idea.

BILL. Alice, can you come with us? We are going for a walk, and I want to show Michael some places of interest.

ALICE.         No, I can't go with you, boys. I am sorry. Mother told me to buy some bread, and I forgot about it. I shall have to do it now. Go without me. I shall go with you some other time.

BILL. It's a pity. All right, Michael, let's go.

ИНФИНИТИВ

Запомните случаи, в которых инфинитив упот­ребляется без частицы "to":

после модальных глаголов;

после глаголов to let и to make;

в сложном дополнении после глаголов

восприятия:

(to see, to hear, to feel, etc.); после выражений: I would rather....

You had better...

Упр. 339. Вставьте частицу "to" перед инфи­нитивом, где необходимо.

1. I like ... play the guitar. 2. My brother can ... speak French. 3. We had ... put on our overcoats because it was cold. 4. They wanted ... cross the river. 5. It is high time for you ... go to bed. 6. May I ... use your telephone? 7. They heard the girl ... cry out with joy. 8. I would rather ... stay at home today. 9. He did not want ... play in the yard any more. 10. Would you like ... go to England? 11. You look tired. You had better ... go home.

12. I wanted ... speak to Nick, but could not... find his telephone number. 13. It is time ... get up. 14. Let me ... help you with your homework. 15. I was planning ... do a lot of things yesterday. 16. I'd like ... speak to you. 17. I think I shall be able ... solve this problem. 18. What makes you ... think you are right? 19. I shall do all I can ... help you. 20. I like ... dance. 21. I'd like ... dance. 22. She made me ... repeat my words several times. 23. I saw him ... enter the room. 24. She did not let her mother ... go away. 25. Do you like ... listen to good music? 26. Would you like ... listen to good music? 27. That funny scene made me ... laugh.

Упр. 340. Замените части пред­ложений инфинитивными оборотами.

E.g.  The boy had many toys which he could play with. The boy had many toys to play with.

1. I have no books which I can read. 2. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 3. Don't forget that she has a baby which she must take care of. 4. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject? 5. There was nothing that he could do except go home. 6. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 7. I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can't go to the theatre with you. 8. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would serve him after he had divided up his kingdom. 9. Here is something which will warm you up. 10. Here is a new brush which you will clean your teeth with. 11. Here are some more facts which will prove that your theory is correct. 12. Here is something which you can rub on your hands. It will soften them. 13. Here are some screws with which you can fasten the shelves to the wall. 14. Here are some tablets which will relieve your headache. 15. Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow. 16. Who has a pen or a pencil to spare? I need something I could write with. 17.1 have brought you a book which you can read now, but be sure and return it by Saturday. 18. Soon we found that there was another compli­cated problem that we were to consider. 19. The girl was quite young when both her parents died and she remained alone with two younger brothers whom she had to take care of.

Упр. 341. Замените придаточные предложе­ния инфинитивными оборотами.

E.g. He is so old that he cannot skate. He is too old to skate.

1. The problem is so difficult that it is impossi­ble to solve it. 2. The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it. 3. The baby is so little that it cannot walk. 4. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight. 5. She is so busy that she cannot talk with you. 6. She was so inattentive that she did not notice the mistake. 7. The rule was so difficult that they did not understand it. 8. He was so stu­pid that he did not see the joke. 9. She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now. 10. The accident was so terrible that I don't want to talk about it. 11. They were so empty-headed that they could not learn a single thing. 12. The window was so dirty that they could not see through it. 13. She was so foolish that she could not understand my explanation. 14. I have very little wool: it won't make a sweater.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния с инфинитивом:

to cut a long story short — короче говоря to tell (you) the truth — сказать (вам) по

правде

to say nothing of — не говоря уже о to put it mildly — мягко выражаясь to say the least of it — по меньшей мере to begin with — начнем с того что

Запомните следующие предложения:

The book leaves much to be desired. — Книга оставляет желать лучшего.

Не is difficult to deal with. — С ним трудно иметь дело.

Не is hard to please. — Ему трудно угодить.

She is pleasant to look at. — На нее приятно смотреть.

Упр.342. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя застывшие словосочетания с инфи­нитивом.

1. Мягко выражаясь, она была невежлива. 2. Ваша работа оставляет желать лучшего. 3. Ска­зать по правде, я не люблю бокс. 4. Вашей сест­ре трудно угодить. 5. Начнем с того, что я занят, б. На него было приятно смотреть. 7. Короче го­воря, он не сдал экзамен. 8. Мы все были рады, не говоря уже о маме: она сказала, что это са­мый счастливый день в ее жизни. 9. Твое сочи­нение оставляет желать лучшего. 10. Это очень странно, по меньшей мере. 11. Для начала, она открыла все окна. 12. С моим соседом трудно иметь дело. 13. По правде говоря, я очень устал. 14.  Его поведение оставляет желать лучшего. 15. Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили. 16. На этих детей приятно посмотреть. 17. Короче гово­ря, они поженились. 18. Самая известная книга Джерома — "Трое в лодке, не считая собаки." 19. Вам трудно угодить. 20. По меньшей мере, мы были удивлелы.

Обратите внимание на отсутствие союза «что­бы» перед инфинитивом в роли обстоятельства цели:

То get this book, you must go the library.

Чтобы получить эту

книгу, вы должны to пойти в библиотеку.