Автор работы: Daria Pchol, 25 Августа 2010 в 04:07, шпаргалка
краткий англо-русский список фразеологизмов
1. греть (or: погреть) руки…
…на чём-л
(a). (on an abnormal or unusual situation), e.g., на обстановке неустойчивости в стране, на сенсации и т. п. (a) to make capital on smth (or: to cash in on smth); descriptively: to benefit by (the border conflict, etc.)
(b) …вокруг чего-л. (on abnormal state of relations), e.g., вокруг натянутых отношений и т. п. (b) to make capital on smth; descriptively: The tense relations are profited by those…
(c) …у чего-л. (on a source of smb’s dishonest profits), e.g., у миллиардов, у продсклада и т. п. (c) to make a penny (fast buck) on smth; descriptively: to take a profitable advantage of smth
Список фразеологизмов
| 1. греть
(or: погреть) руки…
…на чём-л |
|
| (a). (on an abnormal or unusual situation), e.g., на обстановке неустойчивости в стране, на сенсации и т. п. | (a) to make capital on smth (or: to cash in on smth); descriptively: to benefit by (the border conflict, etc.) |
| (b) …вокруг чего-л. (on abnormal state of relations), e.g., вокруг натянутых отношений и т. п. | (b) to make capital on smth; descriptively: The tense relations are profited by those… |
| (c) …у чего-л. (on a source of smb’s dishonest profits), e.g., у миллиардов, у продсклада и т. п. | (c) to make a penny (fast buck) on smth; descriptively: to take a profitable advantage of smth |
| 2. сложить оружие | |
| (a) mng: to give up one’s active actions, attempts (or the like) in argument, game, political struggle, etc. (as being defeated) | (a) to lay down (one’s) arms |
| (b) mng: to stop fighting or arguing (on considering it worthless) | (b) to give up (e.g., I gave up.) |
| 3. махнуть рукой … (mng: to give up one’s hopes about smth or smb) | |
| (a) …на кого-л. (use: said about a person who proved to be incorrigible or disobedient) | (a) to give up smb for lost |
| (b) …на
что-л. (use: said about one’s future or events, hopes
of the past)
(c) …на что-л. (use: said when there is no hope for success), e.g., Он махнул рукой (as a sign of defeat) |
(b, c) to throw in the towel (and dismiss smth); to think no more of, to stop thinking about smth (what happened in the past, long ago, etc.) |
| (d) …на всё (use: said about vain attempts of doing smth good or useful) | (d) to give up all of it – lock, stock and barrel (or:... – hook, line and sinker) |
| 4. в глазах кого-л. (use: when a person (a government, etc.) has been guilty or suffered a moral defeat, or is a hero, etc., in the opinion of a person, public, nation or mankind) | in smb’s eyes (e.g., in British eyes, in the eyes of all peoples, etc.) |
| 5. встречать что-л. в штыки (mng: to give a hostile reception to smth, to assail smth), e.g., предложение, инициативу, жалобу, изобретение, нововведение и т. П. | to rise (or: to be) up in arms against (or: about, over, at) smth, or: to meet smth (a proposal, etc.) at dagger-point |
| 6. идти (or: шагать) в ногу… | |
| (a) …с кем-л. or чем-л. (mng: to take the same good actions as others do), e.g., с партией, другими народами и т. п. | (a) to march in step (with the party, etc.) |
| (b) …с кем-л. (mng: to have the same wrong views as some others do), e.g., с представителями какого-л. течения, философской школы, политического клуба и т.п. | (b) neg. o-t: to be at one with smb |
| (c) …с кем-л. (mng: to be as advanced in production, etc., as some others are), e.g., с передовиками производства и т. п. | (c) to be on a par with smb |
| (d) …с чем-л. (mng: to follow closely the development of smth), e.g., с развитием промышленности, экономики, теории и практики и т. п. | (d) to keep abreast with smth |
| (e) …с жизнью | (e) to keep abreast of life |
| (f) …со временем | (f) to move with the times |
| Ant.: идти не в ногу | to be (to march) out of step with smth, smb (with other peoples, etc.) |
| 7. открыть (or: распахнуть) двери (or: ворота) ... | |
| (a) …для
чего-л. or кого-л. (mng:
to let smth or smb get in or out of a state, party, society, etc.),
e.g., для международного контроля, вывоза
капиталов, чуждых элементов, представителей
оппозиции и т.п.
(b) …перед чeм-л., e.g., перед иностранной корпорацией и т. п. |
(a, b) to throw (or: fling) the doors open to smth, smb; or: to open all one’s doors to smth, smb |
| (c) …(открыть ворота) для чего-л., e.g., для вредных выступлений, действий и т. п. | (c) to open the way for smth (e.g., for some actions of ill-will) |
| Ant.: захлопнуть двери | Ant.: to shut the doors |
| 8. переходить (or перейти) границы (or границу) | to pass (all) bounds |
| 9. дать прикурить (or: пить)… | |
| (a) …кому-л. (mng: to give a scolding (a rating) to smb; to give smb a dressing down) Syn: устроить баню, головомойку | (a) to give smb a good (or fine) talking; or: to give smb a piece of one’s mind; or: to give smb hell |
| (b) …кому-л. (mng: to defeat, to inflict a defeat on smb) | (b) to give smb to think about; or: let smb have it with both barrels |
| 10. пустить корни (mng: to become established, habitual and permanent) | |
| (a) … в ком-л. (use: said about habits, feelings, attitudes, etc.) | (a) to take ( or strike) root (in smb’s mind, nature, etc.) |
| (b) … где-л. (use: about a person who has settled down in a country, etc.) | (b) to put down roots (somewhere), to drive one’s roots into smth |
| 11. метать громы и молнии | |
| (a) mng: to be very angry, to be fuming at smb or smth | (a) to be beside oneself with rage; to go up into the air |
| (b) mng: to shout curses, threats, etc. | (b) to jump down smb’s throat (не давать кому-л. слова сказать; заткнуть глотку кому-л.) |
| (с) use: when one’s ‘fuming’ is unwise or needless… | (с) colloquial: to go off the deep end about smth (e.g., There you are, going off the deep end again. I tell you they will be here in good time.) |
| (d, e, f) в адрес (или: по адресу), или: против кого-л. или чего-л., или (seldom): в кого-л. | (d) metaphor: to hurl
thunderbolts at smb (or: at smth which is a material object)
(e) with no material object: to blow one’s top (also: at smth) (f) very negative: to foam at the mouth at (or: over) smth |
| 12. разводить руками | (a) to shrug one’s shoulders,
or: to shrug (helplessly, in disappointment, etc.)
(b) to spread one’s hands… in pleasure, or the like |
| 13. быть ахиллесовой пятой… | |
| (a) …чего-л., e.g., транспорта, быта, социальной системы и т.п. | (a) to be the Achilles’ heel (of transport, everyday life, a social system, etc.) |
| (b) … кого-л. | (b) e.g., It is her Achilles’ heel |
| вывести на чистую воду кого-л. | |
| (a) mng: to expose someone’s actions | (a) to show smb up |
| (b) mng: to unmask smb | (b) to bring smb to light, or: to show smb in one’s true colours, or (descriptively): to strip the mask off smb |
| стереть с лица земли что-л. mng: to demolish completely (e.g., a town, city, etc.) Syn.: сравнять с землёй | to wipe smth (a town) off the face of the earth Syn: to raze smth to the ground |
| на словах…, а на деле… (e.g., На словах он храбр, а на деле трус. На словах он любит помогать другим, а на деле палец о палец не ударит.) | in words… but in reality… (e.g., In words he is brave but in reality, he is coward. In words he likes helping others but in reality, he would not lift a finger to do so.) |
| (a) не на словах, а на деле (e.g., Он стал хорошо себя вести не на словах, а на деле.) | (a) e.g. He began to behave well and not in words but in reality. They have to render real and not verbal aid. Descriptively: He was working well there, really working, not just talking. |
| (b) [действовать] не словами, а делом | (b) [to act] not by words but by deeds |
| влететь (or: обойтись, стать, вскочить, влезть) кому-л. в копеечку (or: в копейку) mng: to require payment of a large amount of money, to cost money | to cost smb a pretty penny, or: to cost smb a tidy sum |
| в два счёта | in no time; in a tick (a jiffy, a flash); before you can count to two; before you can say Jack Robinson |
| 14. сделать что-л. одним махом (and its synonym: сделать что-л. за or в один присест | |
| (a) mng: to do smth at once; use: when it is too quick to be true | (a) to do smth at one sitting; to do smth overnight |
| (b) mng: to do smth by one effort; use: when it is very unusual or unwise about smb | (b) to do smth at one go |
| 15. смотреть сквозь пальцы на что-л. | |
| (a) mng: to ignore on purpose | (a) to turn a blind eye to smth |
| (b) mng: to pretend not to see smth embarrassing or fraught with danger | (b) to close (shut one’s eye to smth (e.g., to the fact) |
| (c) mng: to be irresponsible enough to overlook someone’s grave misconduct | (c) to turn a blind eye to smth |
| (d) mng: to pretend not to see an error, piece of misconduct, etc. | (d) to look at smth through one’s (the) fingers; to wink at smth |
| (e) to neglect
as being indifferent
Syn.: закрывать глаза на что-л. may have mng (b) and (c) |
(e) do not care a damn (about smth) |
| 16. взять (брать) себя в руки | |
| (a) mng: to suppress one’s momentary nervousness, emotions, etc. | (a) to pull oneself together |
| (b) mng: to make oneself more concentrated and less nervous to be able to work well, act properly, etc. | (b) to take oneself in hand |
| (c) держать себя в руках mng: to keep control of oneself (in general or for some time) | (c) to keep (or: hold) oneself in hand, or: to keep a (tight) hold on oneself |
| 17. кто-л. не лыком шит | |
| (a) mng: smb is not to be underestimated for he is also wise, educated, civilized, etc. | (a) he who knows his onions, or: he who could show others a thing or two |
| (b) mng: smb is not to be underestimated for he holds a responsible and respectable position | (b) he who is no small fry |
| 18. делать
что-л. (относиться к делу) спустя
рукава
Syn.: делать что-л. с прохладцей |
(a) to do slap-dash (shoddy)
work, to do smth in a slipshod manner; let things slide
(b) to do smth half-heartedly, to make only half-hearted effort |
| 19. мыльный пузырь (mng: to be unstable and easily ruined) | |
| (a) оказаться мыльным пузырём (Syn.: построено на песке) | (a) to be a soap bubble; smth proved to be a house of cards (or: built on sand) |
| (b) лопнуть
как мыльный пузырь
(Syn.: рассыпаться как карточный домик) |
(b) to burst like a soap bubble; to collapse like a house of cards |
| 20. наводить тень на плетень (or: на ясный день) mng: to do or say smth that will mislead smb (the public…) | |
| (a) …by misrepresentation | (a) to paint smth in wrong (or: dark) colours |
| (b)…by diverting attention from a point or by missing a point (Syn.: делать что-л. для отвода глаз) | (b) to throw dust in smb’s eyes; to draw (or: to be) a red herring (designed to…) |
| 21. делать ставку на что-л. | to count on smth; to bank on smth |
| 22. ломать копья mng: to contest a question, enter into dispute or argument, which is often a fruitless enterprise | to break lances; e.g., We broke many a lance (in striving for…); or: That is why lances are being broken (in trying to…) |
| 23. ломать (also: себе) голову… (mng: to puzzle) | to rack (or: cudgel) one’s brains… |
| (a) …над решением вопроса (над её словами и т.п.) | (a) …over the question (her words, etc.) |
| (b) …над тем, где бы достать что-л. (информацию и т.п.) | (b) …for a way to get smth |
| (с) …над тем, как это могло случиться; …над тем, как быть с чем-л. | (c) …about how this could have happened; …as to what to do about smth |
| (d) …пытаясь сделать что-л. | (d) …in an effort to do smth |
| (e) не надо (or: не стоит, etc.) ломать голову | (e) there is no use bothering your head or: it is not worth while to trouble your head |
| без сучка без задоринки | (to do smth) without a hitch |
| разрубить (seldom: затягивать) гордиев узел | to cut (seldom: to tie up) the Gordian knot |
| для отвода глаз | |
| (a) mng: for the purpose of diverting attention from a point (See its synonym “наводить тень на плетень”, List A) | a) to be a red herring (or; a red herring designed to…), or: to be used (etc.) as an eyewash |
| (b) mng: for the purpose of pretending (Syn.: “для вида”) | (b) to do smth (e.g., to sign a treaty) for the sake of appearances |
| Скатертью дорога! (Скатертью дорожка!) Syn.: Туда ему (ей, им) и дорога! | Very negative: Good riddance! or: Good riddance to you! or: Good riddance to bad rubbish! or: If we never see you again it’ll be too soon! |
| поставить (загнать, завести) в тупик кого-л. | |
| (a) mng: to put smb out of countenance; to throw smb into confusion | (a) to confuse (baffle, muddle, nonplus) smb |
| (b) mng: to put smb into hopeless or desperate situation | (b) to chase smb up a tree |
| от силы mng: at least | at most; at the very most; that’s the limit |
| Держи
карман шире!
Syn. Бабушка на двое сказала, or: Блажен, кто верует, or: Не тут-то было! or: Как бы не так! mng: it will never happen, it is highly unlikely Можно ждать до судного дня. |
in a week (month) of Sundays,
or: when pigs fly, or: when two Sundays come together,
or: Not a ghost of a chance! Not a dog’s chance! Fat chance!
or: Don’t hold your breath, You’re all wet, That’ll be the
day!, Keep hoping! Rather! iron.
One can wait till doomsday for it |
| зуб
на зуб не попадает, e.g.,
Я продрог – зуб на зуб не попадает. |
I can’t keep my teeth together. |
| убить (сразу, и т.п.) двух зайцев | to kill two birds with one stone |
| перебиваться с хлеба на квас | to live from hand to mouth |
| пускать пыль в глаза кому-л. | to cut a dash (and hoodwink smb), or: to cut an eye-washing dash (in order to impress smb or to show oneself a big shot), or: to pull the wool over the (one’s) eyes. |
| Не так страшен чёрт как его малюют | The devil is not as terrible as he is painted |
| водить (кого-л.) за нос (mng: to deceive, delude smb intentionally, often by promising smth and then not keeping one’s promise) | (a) to turn (or: twist)
smb round one’s little finger (about a young lady’s attitude to
the man making court to her)
(b) to lead smb up the garden path, or: to take smb in (c) to lead smb a pretty dance |
| не оставить камня на камне | |
| (a) … от чего-л. (e.g., от аргументов, мифов) | (a) to make smth (one’s arguments, etc.) collapse like a house of cards |
| (b) … от чего-л. (e.g., от дома, города, etc.) | (b) to blow smth (one’s car, apartment, etc.) sky-high, or: to wipe smth off the face of the earth |
| (быть) на носу Syn.: на пороге | to be near at hand (also: to be around the corner; to be at one’s doorstep) |
| считать ниже своего достоинства что-л. | to consider smth beneath (below) one’s dignity, or: to consider smth undignified |
| закидывать (забрасывать) удочку (удочки) | |
| (a) … на счёт чего-л. (e.g., курсов, etc.) | (a) to put out a feeler about smth (e.g., the courses, etc.) |
| (b) … на счёт того, чтобы (e.g., посмотреть, узнать, etc.) | (b) to drop a hint to see, to find smth out, etc., e.g., to drop a hint to see if there was a chance of doing smth |
| ловить рыбу в мутной воде | to fish in troubled (muddy) water(s) |
| подлить масла в огонь (mng: to do or say smth that makes people react more strongly or fiercely) | to add fuel to the flame (flames, fire), or: to pour oil on the flame (flames, fire) |
| ломать шапку перед кем-л. | |
| (a) mng: to remove one’s cap (and bow) in greeting as a sign of respect | (a) to take off one’s cap to smb |
| (b) mng: to humble oneself before someone, behave in a servile manner | (b) to bow and scrape before smb |
| становиться на одну доску с кем-л. (mng: to treat smb an equal) | to sink to smb’s level |
| протянуть руку (помощи) | to lend (or: to give, to stretch out) a helping hand |
| знать цену кому-л., чему-л. | to know smb’s worth (price, value); or: to know the value (price) of smth |
| пробивать (прокладывать) себе дорогу (путь) | to build oneself a road through life, or: make one’s way |
| злые языки | evil tongues, or: malicious (malignant) tongues |
| во что бы то ни стало | |
| (a) mng: regardless of how much time, money, etc. is necessary to achieve smth | a) at any cost (or: at all costs) |
| (b) mng:
if the implied atonement does not demand any recessions or reprehensible
means
Syn. любой ценой |
(b) it is absolutely necessary to…, e.g., Необходимо во что бы то ни стало убедить его в этом. It is absolutely necessary to convince him in it |
| в честь кого-л., чего-л. | in honour of smb, smth |
| почивать на лаврах | to rest on one’s laurels |
| время убивать | to kill time |
| и пальцем не пошевелить | not to move a finger |
| ждать у моря погоды | to wait and see |
| ни жив ни мёртв (быть, сидеть, стоять, etc.) | |
| (a) mng: very much frightened, terrified | (a) (to be, to stand) shaking in one’s shoes |
| (b) mng: upset, distressed | (b) (to be, to stand) looking terribly down in the mouth |
| 24. (по)ставить на карту… (mng: to risk smth) | |
| (a) …что-л. | (a) to stake smth; to let smth be at stake; e.g., I am not going to let his reputation be at stake. |
| (b) …всё | (b) to put all one’s eggs in one basket; to stake one’s all; e.g., We must be ready to stake our all. |
| 25. Много воды утекло (с тех пор). | (i) Much water has flown under
the bridge since then. (E. E.)
(ii) Also: A lot of water flowed under the bridges here while… (A.E.) |
| 26. в два (or: три) счёта… (mng: to do smth at once or: in less than no time) | |
| (a) …решить проблему и т.п. | (a) to solve a problem, etc. in the twinkling of an eye |
| (b) …наказать, выгнать, уволить и т.п. кого-л. | (b) to do smth in a jiffy; e.g., She will send you flying out in a jiffy (or: before you know where you are). |
| 27. сбивать (сбить) кого-л. с толку | |
| (a) mng: to make smb lose one’s sense of direction (mentally) | (a) to be (or: to make smb) all adrift; e.g., After what she had told me, I was all adrift and could not see any reason for their conduct. |
| (b) mng:
to be utterly confused; e.g.,
(i) Они были сбиты с толку. (ii) Вы меня сбили с толку. |
(b) (i) to be all at sixes
and sevens due to smth; e.g., The soldiers were all at sixes and sevens
due to the contradictory orders they had received.
(ii) You’ve got me all muddled up. |
| (c) mng: to make smb go off the right path | (c) to lead smb (or: be led) astray; e.g., This philosophy is leading so many people astray. |
| (d) mng: (to do smth) to mislead smb | (d) to throw dust in smb’s eyes |
| 28. застать (захватить, застигнуть) кого-л. врасплох | He was taken (caught) unawares; also: They would not be caught flat-footed; also: They were taken by surprise. |
| 29. набирать силу | to gain strength; to gather strength (momentum) |
| 30.вбивать клин | to drive a wedge (between or: into) |
| 31.работать не покладая рук | |
| (a) mng: to work diligently, without stopping | (a) to work one’s fingers to the bone; to work like a horse |
| (b) mng:
to work enthusiastically
(Syn.: работать до седьмого пота; работать не разгибая спины; работать в поте лица (библ. by the sweat of one’s brow) |
(b) to work with a will |
| 32.
приходить в голову (More
frequently used in the negative.) |
|
| (a) Ей и в голову не пришло беспо- беспокоиться о них. | (a) It did not even enter her mind (or negatively: her head) to feel uneasy about them. |
| (b) Им и в голову не пришло призвать к порядку своего союзника | (b) It did not even cross their minds to call to order their ally. |
| (с) Эта мысль всё чаще приходила ему в голову | (c) This thought occurred to him more and more frequently |
| (d) C чего это вам в голову пришло? | (d) What put that (or: such an) idea into your head? |
| 33. затрагивать (задевать, забирать) за живое | (a) pos. o-t: to stir
a chord in smb
(b) neg. o-t: to sting (or: to cut) smb to the quick |
| 34. сводить (связывать концы с концами | |
| (a,
b) mng: to contrive to manage with
one’s resources; e.g.: Он едва (or: еле-еле, с трудом) сводил концы с концами |
(a) He could hardly make both
ends meet.
(b) to keep body and soul together |
| Ant.: жить на широкую ногу | Ant.: to live in (grand) style |
|
(c) mng: to be in a mess; use:
when
one is not able to logically justify or ground his or smb’s actions, theory, ar- guments, etc. (More frequently used in the negative). (i) Они не знают, как свести концы концы с концами. (ii) Он не мог свести концы с конца- ми в своей философии. (iii) Он не мог связать концы с кон- цами, разобраться в случившемся |
(с) (i) They do not know
how to tie up
the loose ends. (ii) He could not make ends meet in his philosophy. (iii) He was not able to put his fin- ger on what happened; or: He could not put two and two together. |
| 35.
сидеть сложа руки mng:
to do
nothing, to waste time; use: when one is inactive |
(a) to sit around killing
time
(b) to sit around (or: down, back, etc.) twiddling one’s thumbs (c) to sit on one’s hands (d) to remain idle |
| Syn. бить баклуши | to twiddle one’s thumbs; to fritter awayay one’s one’s time; to sit on one’s hands |
| 36. бросать тень… | |
| (a) … на кого-л. (в значении: на чьё-л. имя) | (a) neg. o-t: to cast a shadow on one’s (good) name |
| (b) …на кого-л. (в значении: чернить кого-л.) | (b) neg. o-t: to cast a slur on smb |
| (c) …на что-л., напр.: на чей-л. образ жизни, на чью-л. инициативу и т.п. | (с) neg. o-t: to cast aspersions on smth |
| 37. пускать в ход… | |
| (a) …все силы и т.п. | (a) pos. o-t: to put smth (e.g., all forces) into action |
| (b) …оружие, армию, военную машину и т.п. | (b) to make use of smth (e.g., armaments), or: to put smth (e.g., military machine, army) to use |
| (c) …всё; Syn: не останавливаться ни перед чем | (с) I will not stop at anything. I’m not going to leave any stone unturned. |
| (d) …демагогию, машину голосования и т.п. | (d) neg. o-t: to bring smth into play |
| 38. дать (или: сделать) кому-л. от ворот поворот; также: получить от ворот поворот; Syn: указать кому-л. на дверь | (a) neg. o-t: to give
smb the boot, or: to give smb the brush-off (e.g.,
to be given the brush-off by a lady), or: to show smb the door
(b) pos. o-t: to give smb a flat refusal |
| 39. (не) выносить сор из избы | (a) neg. o-t: to wash
dirty linen in public
(b) pos. o-t: (not) to tell tales out of school, or: (not) to wash one’s linen away from home |
| 40. что-л. (также: всё) сходит с рук кому-л. | neg. o-t: to get away with it; e.g., They are getting away with it. |
| 41. задавать тон | |
| (a) кто-л. (или: что-л.) задаёт тон кому-л., e.g., в беседе и т.п. | (a) pos. o-t: to give smb the cue; e.g., Her remark gave Mr. Jones his cue. His speech (He) gave the assembly the cue. |
| (b) mng: показывать другим хороший пример в чём-л. | (b) pos. o-t: to set an example in smth; e.g., This worker sets an example in labour. |
| (c) mng: показывать другим дурной пример в чём-л. (или: где-л.) | (с) neg. o-t: to set the tune (e.g., in politics), or: to set the fashion (e.g., at one’s college); less negative: The tone was set by… (smb in politics, a campaign, etc.) |
| (d) mng: быть первым (в чём-л.), играть ведущую роль | (d) pos. o-t: to be in the lead; e.g., In the lead are… |
| 42. развязывать руки… | |
| (a) …себе | (a) neg. o-t: to have
a free hand (in smth or: in doing smth)
pos. o-t: to be (or: to become) a free agent |
| (b) …кому-л. (другому) | (b) neg. o-t: to give smb a free hand |
| 43.
лезть вон из кожи
Syn.: пускаться во все тяжкие или: с ног сбиться |
neg. o-t: to go out
of one’s way (to do smth)
pos. o-t: to move heaven and earth (to do smth) |
| 44. рука об руку… | |
| (a) …действовать | (a) pos. o-t: to act
hand in hand
neg. o-t: to act hand in glove |
| (b) …идти | (b) pos. o-t: to march hand in hand or: side by side |
| (c) …сражаться, работать и т.п. | (с) pos. o-t: to struggle (to work, etc.) side by side |
| Syn.: (a, b, c) плечом к плечу с кем-л., бок о бок с кем-л. | Syn.: to act (march, work, struggle) shoulder to shoulder (+). |
| 45. поднимать голову | neg. o-t: to rear one’s
head
pos. o-t: to raise one’s head |
| 46.
сыр-бор разгорелся
(или: загорелся), также: из-за
чего-л.
Syn.: шум поднять |
pos. pos. o-t: (the
devil of) a row has been started (there); the spark that set the forest
on fire
neg. o-t: to raise an uproar (or: a cry) |
| 47. не останавливаться ни перед чем | neg. o-t: to stop at nothing (to do smth) |
| поговорить по душам | pos. or neg. o-t: to
have a heart-to-heart talk (about smth, with smb); to speak one’s
heart to smb
neg. o-t: to have it out with smb |
| показать кому-л. кузькину мать груб.-прост. (Syn. «показать кому-л. где раки зимуют» and «увидеть (or: узнать) почём фунт лиха») | neg. o-t: to show smb
where to get off
pos. or neg. o-t: to show (or: teach or: tell) smb what’s what, or: to show smb a thing or two, or: to give smb a bellyful of (real) trouble |
| поднять шум (или: крик, шумиху и т.п.) | |
| (a) mng: поднять тревогу, нарушить тишину и т.п. (+) | (a) pos. o-t: to raise (or: stir up) a fuss |
| (b) mng: поднять шумиху с дурными намерениями (–) | (b) neg. o-t: to raise a cry or: an uproar or: hullabaloo |
| (c) mng: устроить “скандал”, возмущаться и т.п. (+) | (с) to make (or: kick up) a shindy (+); to raise a row (– or +) |
| (d) mng: “носиться с чем-л. как с писаной торбой” (–) | (d) pos. or neg. o-t: to be (still) fussing over smth |
| пускаться во все тяжкие | to go in for anything (+ or –); to go to the bad; to go to extremes |
| Synonyms:
(a) с ног сбиться |
(a) to be run off one’s feet (+ or –) |
| (b) лезть вон из кожи | (b) to go out of one’s way (–) |
| дело
рук кого-л.
Syn.: руку приложить к чему-л. |
pos. or neg. o-t: smb’s
creation, work, handiwork
neg. o-t: to have a dirty hand in smth, also: to be smb’s doing pos. or neg. o-t: to have a hand in smth, also: to be at the bottom of it, also: to be in it up to the hilt, also: (every single smth) has a part of him in it (+), it is his work (+). |
| с лёгкой руки кого-л. | pos. o-t: Thanks to
Mr. Jones…, thanks to smb’s example
neg. o-t: Owing to his handiwork… neg. or pos. o-t: with his blessing |
| пригвоздить (выставить) к позоpному столбу кого-л. | put smb in the pillory; nail smb to the barn door (to the pillory) |
| (Стреляного) старого воробья на мякине не проведёшь. | An old bird is not to be caught with chaff. |
| (чёрная) кошка пробежала между кем-л. и кем-л. (также: между чем-л. и чем-л., напр., между государствами и т.п.) | The (an) apple of discord … |
| (a) Какая кошка пробежала между нами? | (a) What is the apple of discord that killed our friendship? or: What has become an apple of discord between us? |
| (b) Чёрная кошка пробежала между ними. | (b) The apple of discord was tossed between them. |
| быть мастером на все руки | pos. o-t:
to be an all-round handy man;
neg. o-t: to be a-Jack-of-all-trades |
| Лёгок на помине! | neg. or pos. o-t: Talk
of the devil!
pos. o-t: Talk of the angel! |
| Горбатого могила исправит | The leopard cannot change its spots; you cannot wash charcoal white; he who is born a fool is never cured. |
| 48. быть первой ласточкой чего-л. | pos. o-t: to be the
first robin, a harbinger (of spring, of greater flights yet to come,
etc.), or: to be a harbinger, the first robin (in outer space,
etc.); to be the first sign;
neg. o-t: to be the first swallow. |
| Одна ласточка весны не делает. | One swallow does not make summer |
| 49. играть на руку кому-л. | to play into the hands of smb |
| (a) its synonym: лить воду на мельницу чего-л. (e.g., на мельницу оборончества и т.п.) или кого-л. (e.g., реваншистов и т.п.) | (a) Syn.: to bring grist to the mill of smth (e.g., to the mill of defencism, etc.) or: of smb (e.g., of the revanchists, etc.) |
| (b) быть не на руку кому-л. | (b) e.g., It does not fit in with our plans; or: There’s no percentage in that (for us). |
| 50. свалить с больной головы на здоровую | to shift the blame from the wrongdoer on an innocent person, or: lay smth (the blame) at someone else’s door, or: to lay smth to smb’s charge, or: to pass the buck (mng: responsibility) to smb. (A. E.) |
| 51. рукой подать до чего-л. e.g., Отсюда до деревни рукой подать. | to be within a stone’s throw, or: to be a stone’s throw, e.g., It is a stone’s throw from here to the village. |
| 52. краеугольный камень также: заложить краеугольный камень | (to be, etc.) the corner-stone (of smth); also: to lay the corner-stone |
| 53. открыть (дать) зелёную улицу… | |
| (a) … чему-л. | (a) to give smth a (or: the) green light, or: to give smth the go-ahead |
| (b) кто-л. получил зелёную улицу (mng: разрешение) для чего-л. | (b) smb was given a “go-ahead” signal for smth |
| 54. (a) быть на волосок от смерти и т.п. | (a) to be within a hair’s breadth from (of) death or the like |
| (b) кто-л. или: что-л. висит на волоске | (b) to hang by a thread |
| 55. быть (оказаться, стать) камнем преткновения | to be (become) the stumbling block |
| (a) mng: obstacle in the way of a planned development or act | (a) … that smth (e.g., the conference) wants to avoid |
| (b) mng: perplexity as an impediment to understanding | (b) …to smb (e.g., to the school children) |
| 56.
Долг платежом красен.
mng: people ‘pay back in their own coin’ for the good (or for the bad) |
One good turn deserves another. (or: One bad turn deserves another.) |
| 57. на плечи… | |
| (a) … кому-л. (or: на другого) переложить (взвалить) (or: ложится) что-л., e.g., бремя, тяжесть расходов, обязанности, etc. | (a) to shift smth on to smb’s shoulders |
| (b) … легло (or: возложено) что-л. | (b) to be put (placed) on smb’s shoulders |
| (c) на чьих-л. плечах лежит что-л. | (с) smth rests on one’s shoulders |
| 58. называть вещи своими именами | (a) to call things by their
proper names; to give things their right names; to call a spade a spade
(b) neg. o-t: to call a bad apple a bad apple |
| Курам на смех! | (а) It is enough to make
a horse (or: a cat) laugh! or: It’s a joke!
(b) US: It’s enough to make one cry (“cry” = laugh) |
| политика кнута и пряника | (to be, pursue, etc.) the carrot-and-stick policy |
| приказать долго жить Syn.: уйти (или: отправиться) в мир иной | to go to a better world |
| иметь зуб на (или: против) кого-л. | to have a drudge (or:
a spite) against smb, or: to entertain a feeling against smb
Ant.: to bear smb no drudge |
| ноги унести (and its synonyms: уйти (+) (или: убраться (–) подобру-поздорову (или: восвояси) | |
| (a) mng: to leave a place | (a) pos. o-t: to get
away from (a place), to clear out of (a place), to go home
neg. o-t: to go away with a whole skin irony: to go away (or: get out) while the going is good |
| (b) mng: not to get what one wanted (Syn.: уйти не солоно хлебавши, etc.) | (b) to go away none the wiser |
| держать язык за зубами | |
| (a) mng: to keep a secret, esp. about dishonest or criminal activity, e.g. You’d better keep you mouth shut, or else… | (a) to keep one’s mouth shut |
| (b) mng: to say little | (b) to keep things to oneself |
| (c)
mng: said as a caution, e.g., Держи язык за зубами.
Буду держать язык за зубами. |
(c) Hold you tongue!
I’ll be silent as a grave. |
| 59. быть (стать) притчей во языцех (neg. o-t); e.g. | to be (become) the talk of the town (of the office, factory), or: to be (become) a byword (or: a by-word) |
| (a, b) Этот Петров стал притчей во языцех. | (a) This notorious Petrov
became the talk of the town.
(b) The notorious Petrov has become a byword here. |
| 60. откладывать что-л. в долгий ящик | |
| (a) pos. o-t; use: to postpone smth for the time being | (a) pos. o-t: to shelve smth |
| (b) neg. o-t; use: to put smth away for ever. | (b) neg. o-t: to pigeonhole smth |
| (c) … не откладывая в долгий ящик | (с) (to do smth) without putting it off |
| And
also its synonym:
61. положить что-л. под сукно |
|
| (a) (neg. o-t.); use: when smth, like a document, letter, complaint, etc., is put away to be forgotten and never considered at all | (a) to shelve smth; to put smth in the files |
| (b) быть (лежать) под сукном | (b) to gather (collect) dust |
| 62. работать (трудиться и т.п.) в поте лица (See also its Syn. работать не покладая рук) | (a) to work one’s fingers
to the bone, or; to work like a horse
(b) библ. (to work, etc.) in the sweat of one’s brow |
| 63. гадать на кофейной гуще | to read the (one’s) tea-leaves, or: to make wild guesses, e.g., What I ought to do is hire a crone to read my tea-leaves for me! |
| 64. находить
(найти) общий язык
с кем-л. |
(a) to find a common language
(or: tongue) with smb, or: to reach an understanding;
(b) to see eye-to-eye (c) to find common ground (in negotiations) |
| 65. не моргнув глазом (или: и глазом не моргнув) | |
| 1st mng: (a) to say a lie or (b) to do smth without betraying oneself or showing one’s surprise, doubts, etc. | 1st mng: to do smth (a) without batting an eyelash, or (b) without turning an eyelid |
| 2 nd mng: to do smth without hesitation and (a) against common sense or (b) against the norms of behavior, politeness, etc. | 2nd mng: to do smth without turning a hair |
| 66. поставить кого-л. на колени (или: заставить кого-л. встать на колени) | to bring smb to one’s (the) knees |
| 67. называть вещи своими именами | to call a spade a spade |
| 68. пушечное мясо | (to be) cannon fodder |
| 69. лить (or: проливать) крокодиловы слёзы | to shed crocodile tears |
| 70. приходить (or: возвращаться) с пустыми руками (несолоно хлебавши) | to go away (come back, etc.) with empty hands (or: empty-handed) |
| 71. быть (оказаться, находиться) между молотом и наковальней | to be (to fall) between the hammer and the anvil or: between the devil and the deep sea |
| Syn.: (a) быть (оказаться, находиться) между двух огней | (a) to be between two fires |
| (b) быть (оказаться, пройти) между Сциллой и Харибдой | (b) to be (be caught, etc.) between Scylla and Charybdis; between a rock and a hard place |
| 72. поставить (все) точки (точку) над «i» | more frequently: to dot all i’s and cross all t’s; less frequently: to dot the i’s and cross the t’s |
| 73. капля в море | (to be) a drop in the ocean (or: in the bucket) |
| 74. вставлять палки в колёса | neg. o-t: to put a (one’s) spoke in the wheel, or: (more neg.): to throw a spanner in the works (B. E.), also: to throw sand in the wheels (A. E.) |
| 75. повесить (вешать) нос | to hang one’s head |
| 76. Рыба гниёт с головы. | Fish begins to stink (or: stinks) at the head; a fish rots form the head, e.g., Fish always stinks from the head downwards. |