Social and cultural aspects of human development in the society

 КазЭУ имю Т.Рыскулова

     Управление, менеджмент

     Нурсапина Лейла К.

     Leila_hanum@mail.ru 
 
 

     Social and cultural aspects of human development in the society 

     Historical experience and heritage - it is an important aspect of the development of any nation.

     National rebirth can occur only when it is based on the life-giving soil of centuries-old culture, eats wholesome juices of the past 
Kazakhstan - a country with rich history, whose roots go deep into the ancient culture of nomadism. Our country, being the crossroads of many civilizations and cultures, has a rich legacy of monuments of history and culture throughout its territory. Kazakh culture is enriched by the spiritual heritage of many ethnic groups who came to our steppes, and a wise quality as tolerance, worked out over centuries and passed on to the current modern generation of Kazakhstanis. Cultural heritage of a people - a collection of all material and spiritual progress of society, its historical experience, continued to the arsenal of public memory. 
In 2005, the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan celebrates its 10th anniversary. The uniqueness of the Kazakh Institute is recognized around the world, and its experience in promoting policies aimed at strengthening the interethnic and interreligious consent, adopt the country and abroad. 
The idea of ​​creation of the Assembly was nominated by President Nursultan Nazarbayev on our country's ethnic in 1992, for the anniversary of the Independence of the country. In his speech, the President said: "Several generations of Kazakhs created our most important asset - the friendship of peoples. Much rethinking anew, Kazakhs have no right to squander this wealth, forget good traditions. They were formed not in the last decade, and not by the communist directives. Increased the international prestige of the organization. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, who visited the republic, called Kazakhstan "an example of ethnic harmony, stability and sustainable development for other states." According to him, "thanks to the work of the Assembly, a variety of ethnic, cultural, and religious groups that make up a great nation, can participate in making important decisions that affect their lives." Positive responses to the Assembly also sounded from the part of the former OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities Max van der Stoel and the present - Rolf Ekeus.

     The country has a legal framework that provides equality of rights and freedoms of citizens irrespective of their ethnic and religious backgrounds. This principle forms the basis of ethnic policy of the state. A unique and effective mechanism for implementing national policies and international dialogue on behalf of the Assembly, so that everywhere there is a process of cultural revival of ethnic groups. Today, this experience has been already replicated by some neighboring countries. Through dialogue across cultures and mainly formed by Kazakhstan as a multicultural society with human values. Reached the core of spiritual integration is, of course, centuries-old tolerant and open to innovation culture of the Kazakh people. Spiritual identity complements the civil and political unity of our countrymen, which is another cornerstone of strengthening the independence and the consolidation of society in the XXI century. A balanced language politics and Kazakhstan is one of the few who solves these problems without violent conflict and turmoil. There is a natural process of learning the state language of by the country's citizens, especially young people. Linguistic richness of Kazakhstan enriches the whole Kazakh culture and an important factor is strengthening the unity of multinational Kazakhstan. Provided the spiritual rebirth of the country and most importantly - religious harmony and tolerance. Historically, the current generation inherited tolerance of Kazakhstan in the spiritual realm is a good basis for preservation of civil and inter-religious peace in the future. Thus, in practice it is proved that to be the multinational is not a disadvantage, but on the contrary, the advantage of the country.Thus, creating in Kazakhstan with the direct involvement of the Assembly educational, cultural and linguistic environment for all ethnic minorities, the existence of information and cultural objects (houses of friendship, the national theater, museums, schools, mass media) are expanding the international relations, contributing a common cause of socio-political and cultural development of Kazakhstan and all its people. Created by the Head of State advisory body harmonization of interethnic relations in the form of public diplomacy convincingly proved its viability and necessity, blend in a system of democratic institutions of the state.

     When to the social and humanitarian work is sometimes given less attention. 
It is common knowledge that education is one of the priorities and key indicators of development in all civilized countries. In Kazakhstan, its role and importance of those objectives is supplemented by tasks that are set for itself the state. This is especially true for becoming one of the top 50 most competitive countries in the world. In connection with this republic ever in need of training highly qualified specialists with knowledge of high technology and management skills, able to navigate the market economy and build development plans for the future. But, can Kazakhstani system of education deal with the relevant objectives? 
By and large, these or other difficulties, problems and deficiencies exist in the education of even the most that neither is the world's developed countries. However, if we follow the principle "Everything is relative," that in this respect, Kazakhstan has a very unfavorable view. 
For objectivity's sake it should be noted that the system does not stand still. Positive results are available here. The confirmation of the following examples, voiced over the past four months, the Minister of Education and Science Zhanseit Tuimebayev: 
a) currently operating in Kazakhstan, 144 higher education institutions. Total enrollment in them amounted to more than 630 thousand people. Of these, state educational order are trained 128,490 people, or about 20% of the total number of students; 
b) an annual increase public expenditure on education. So, in 2008, spending on education increased by more than 2.8 times compared with 2004, while their share in total GDP was 3.7%; 
c) to ensure international recognition of the leading scholars and teachers of universities in Kazakhstan, a special database of the most famous teachers of universities in the country; 
g) the outcome of a single national test in 2009 show an increase the level of training of secondary school graduates. The average result of the UNT has grown to 74.9 points with 68 points, observed in 2008. 11 374 graduates scored over 100 points. Of the 2938 applicants for the prestigious mark of "Altynbelgi" people were tested in 2845; 
e) an index of education development by UNESCO in 2009, Kazakhstan ranked first among 129 countries of the world; 
e) for two years, interactive equipment installed 3080 schools, and broadband Internet reached 31% of secondary schools.

     There was a pension reform in 1998.Its basic principle is the transition from state "solidarity" to a fully funded pension system. In order to implement the pension reform created: 
State Centre of Pension Payments, State Accumulative Pension Fund, National Pension Agency. A network of private pension funds, banks, custodians, companies managing pension assets, the essence of which was to transition from PAYG to a funded system. According to the concept of reform, now there are three types of pensions - state, payable from the state budget, fund generated from the private mandatory pension insurance and supplementary pension fund, formed by the private voluntary pension insurance.

     An important area of ​​social policy was the work of returning to the country of Kazakhs were forced to leave Kazakhstan. In 1992 at the World Congress of Kazakhs, it was decided to invite immigrants to their historic homeland. Ethnic Kazakh immigrants were called repatriates. 
According to the Agency on demography and migration, from 1991 to 2000 in the republic came to over 42 thousand Kazakh families or more than 183 thousand people. Of these, about 60% came from CIS countries: Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Russia and other countries. 
From abroad arrived immigrants from Mongolia, Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, China, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and other countries. The natives of Mongolia's over 80% of whole number of Kazakh families who came to the republic from foreign countries.

     Throughout the period of repatriation quota admission repatriates declined in 2001 compared to 1993 decreased by 20 times (in 1993 immigration quota was 10 thousand families in 1994 - 7000, 1995 - 5000, 1996 - 4000 , 1997 - 2,2 thousands, 1998 - 3000, 1999-2000 - 500 families in 2001 - 600 families).

     A notable phenomenon of social life has become the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan, established by a decision of the Forum of Peoples of Kazakhstan in December 1992 and became operational in accordance with Presidential Decree 1995-goda. She was given the status of a consultative body to the head of state. 
The objective of the Assembly was determined to consolidate Kazakhstan's citizens of all nationalities in the way of modernization of the political, economic and social spheres of life of the republic. From 1995 to 2001, took eight sessions of the Assembly. 
It initiated in 1995 as the country's universities attended by representatives of small nations, received the quota of the Assembly, under the auspices of the Assembly, it was noted 1100 years of Slavic Literature and the 150th anniversary of Abai, in October 2000, were celebrations of the 1500th anniversary of Turkestan inscribed in the UNESCO calendar of memorable dates in 2000. The social consequences of the transition period or the results of social policy in the ten years following independence. According to the UN report on human development index (the index is measured on the basis of three components: a long and healthy life, knowledge acquisition and real GDP scented population), Kazakhstan ranked among the 175 countries: 
in 1991, 61 seats, in 2011 -75.

      Of course, every country has its own problems connected with economic, politics, educational system or with unfriendly situation inside of the country. But most of those points shows how good in developing we are. For 20 years of independence  we almost reached our goals as to be a strongly growing republic with strong ambitios.  In cultural aspect we are proud of our multinational country and that we are great nation with variety of ethnic, cultural, and religious groups. According to the UN report on human development index we are 75^th from 175 countries. Economically we are one of the very fast growing countries with high potential. Also there is well-known fact that Kazakhstan is on the first place in all over the world by the coefficient of educated population in the country. Kazakhstan's development never stands still. Every year the Republic is growing more and more. I believe that Kazakhstan will cope with all its problems, because we are, all people living in the territory of Kazakhstan, together.